Category: Financial

  • JT Reports ‘Record’ Performance

    JT Reports ‘Record’ Performance

    Masamichi Terabatake (Photo: JT Group)

    The JT Group reported a profit of ¥482.3 billion ($3.2 billion) for 2023, up nearly 9 percent over the previous fiscal year. Revenue increased 6.9 percent year-on-year, to ¥2.84 trillion. For the fourth quarter, the company posted a profit of ¥40.3 billion and revenue of ¥684.1 billion, up 3.5 percent and 5.4 percent, respectively, over the comparable 2022 periods.

    “I am pleased to report that the 2023 JT Group performance reached record high levels across all financial indicators, despite the challenges across our operating environment. Adjusted operating profit at constant FX [foreign currency exchange rates], our main indicator, exceeded our guidance and grew by 5.2 percent, driven by all business segments,” said JT Group President and CEO Masamichi Terabatake in a statement.  

    In the tobacco business, JT Group’s profit growth engine, performance was driven by solid pricing and continued share gains in combustibles. “We steadily expanded the geographic reach of Ploom X, making it available to adult consumers in 13 markets at the end of 2023,” said Terabatake. In Japan, the JT Group’s share of the heated tobacco sticks market reached 11.4 percent in December 2023.

    Terabatake said the JT Group would continue to prioritize investments in heated tobacco sticks to fund the expansion of Ploom X, both in terms of share of segment and geographic footprint. The company aims to make Ploom X available in over 40 markets by the end of 2026. Combustibles, said Terabatake, will continue to drive profit by growing market share and revenue.

  • IQOS Surpasses Marlboro in Revenue

    IQOS Surpasses Marlboro in Revenue

    Photo: Arkadiusz Fajer

    Philip Morris International reported net revenues of $9.05 billion for the fourth quarter and net revenues of $35.17 billion for fiscal year that ended Dec. 31, 2023. On a reported basis, the figures were up 11 percent and 10.7 percent, respectively, over the comparable 2022 periods.

    Performance was driven by revenue growth in both the combustible cigarette business, where pricing offset reduced volumes, and the company’s smoke-free operations, which continued to increase their share of the company’s business mix.

    “We are pleased that smoke-free products reached nearly 40 percent of our total net revenues and over 40 percent of our gross profit in the fourth quarter,” said PMI CEO Jacek Olczak in a statement.

    “This was led by the continued growth of IQOS, which has now surpassed Marlboro in terms of net revenues, confirming its position as the leading premium nicotine brand less than 10 years from launch. The fourth quarter also marked the first anniversary of our combination with Swedish Match, which delivered very strong results in 2023 driven by the stellar U.S. performance of ZYN.”

    PMI shipped 116.3 million cans of ZYN in the fourth quarter of 2023, representing growth of 78.2 percent versus fourth-quarter 2022 Swedish Match shipments of 65.3 million cans.

    “We are entering 2024 with strong momentum, and we expect it will be another year of excellent performance underpinned by an acceleration in organic smoke-free net revenue and profit growth,” said Olczak.

    PMI also expects to benefit this year from a recent settlement with British American Tobacco that resolves all ongoing patent infringement litigation between the parties related to heated tobacco and vapor products. The deal allows each party to innovate and introduce product iterations.

  • Write-Down Weighs on Results

    Write-Down Weighs on Results

    Photo: BAT

    British American Tobacco reported a loss of £15.75 billion for 2023. The company’s results were heavily impacted by its decision last year to write down the value of some its traditional cigarette brands in the United States to reflect the diminishing outlook for combustible tobacco products.

    Revenue was £27.28 billion, dragged by the sale of its businesses in Russia and Belarus, foreign-exchange pressures and lower cigarette volumes, and partially offset by the increased new categories revenue, according to The Wall Street Journal.

    Revenue from ‘new categories’ rose to £3.35 billion, up 21 percent from 2022 on an organic basis.

    “2023 was another year of resilient financial performance and delivery in line with our guidance, underpinned by our global footprint and multi-category strategy, despite a challenging macro-environment, said BAT CEO Tadeu Marroco in a statement.

    “New categories delivered continued volume-led revenue growth and increased profitability, driven by Vuse and Velo. As a result, our new categories portfolio has turned profitable two years ahead of our original target.

    “In combustibles, our commercial plans in the U.S. are enabling early signs of portfolio recovery.” The company’s Africa and Middle East business performed well in 2023, as did BAT’s Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa region, according to Marroco, who credited strong revenue and profit performance, along with a well-balanced portfolio.

    2023 was another year of resilient financial performance and delivery in line with our guidance, underpinned by our global footprint and multi-category strategy, despite a challenging macro-environment.

    Tadeu Marroco, CEO, BAT

    During the presentation of BAT’s results, Marocco also suggested the company would sell some it shareholding in ITC, the Indian consumer goods giant that makes much of its revenue from cigarettes but also runs hotels and a paper business, among other operations.

    Such a sale would allow BAT to pay down debt and accelerate toward the leverage range at which it could resume the share buybacks that some investors have been pressing for. BAT owns approximately one-third of ITC and would need to retain 25 percent to keep its veto rights.

    In related news, BAT announced that it has submitted an modified risk tobacco product application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to make certain health claims about its Glo Hyper Pro tobacco heating device, which the company launched in Japan, Italy and Poland earlier this year.

  • KT&G Posts Record Revenue

    KT&G Posts Record Revenue

    KT&G posted revenue of KRW1.45 trillion ($1,09 billion) and operating profit of KRW198.6 billion in the fourth-quarter of 2023. For the full-year, the company reported record revenue of KRW5.872 trillion and operating profit of KRW 1.168 trillion.

    KT&G’s record annual revenue was driven mainly by the performance of its overseas combustibles business. The overseas combustibles business reported record annual revenue of KRW1.14 trillion. The combined annual revenue of KT&G’s three core business areas, which also include next-generation products (NGP) and health functional foods, reached KRW3.31 trillion, a 1.1 percent increase year on year.

    KT&G’s NGP business sold 8.24 billion sticks overseas and 5.71 billion sticks in South Korea, reflecting growth rates of 43 percent and 14.4 percent, respectively.

    KT&G achieved an all-time high total overseas sales volume of 61.4 billion sticks, surpassing 60 billion sticks for the first time.

    KT&G projects its annual revenue and operating profit to exceed growth rates of 10 percent and 6 percent, respectively, in 2024. It expects its consolidated year-on-year revenue growth to exceed 15 percent. Additionally, the operating profit from the core business areas is expected to grow 31.5 percent, year on year.

    “Last year was a year dedicated to the successful implementation of a business transformation strategy that focuses on the core business areas, KT&G wrote on its website. “This year, we will continue to strengthen the competitiveness of the core business areas, expand a sustainable business portfolio, and faithfully carry out the shareholder return policy.”

  • Profits Up at Indian Cigarette Makers

    Profits Up at Indian Cigarette Makers

    Image: RODWORKS

    ITC’s reported a profit of INR55.72 billion ($670.3 million) for the three months that ended Dec. 31, up nearly 11 percent over the comparable 2023 period, the company announced on its website.

    The consumer goods giant benefited from higher demand for its cigarettes as a crackdown on the smuggling of international cigarette brands reduced competition. A sharp escalation in costs of leaf tobacco and certain other inputs, along with increase in taxes were largely mitigated through improved mix, strategic cost management and calibrated pricing.

    The company’s cigarette business, which contributes more than 40 percent of ITC’s top line, grew 3.6 percent over the period. Its paperboards, paper and packaging business, by contrast, struggled with competition from China and sluggish economic conditions in some of its export markets. The segment’s revenue declined almost 10 percent.

    ITC’s hotel business, which the conglomerate plans to spin off into a separate entity, reported  an 18 percent jump in revenue, driven by a strong revival in domestic tourism and heightened demand from corporate bookings.

    ITC competitor Godfrey Phillips India (GPI) also reported improved performance for the third quarter, according to Reuters. The company posted a consolidated net profit of INR2.12 billion, up 6.6 percent over the comparable 2023 quarter. Total revenue from operations rose 34 percent to 14.88 billion rupees, with the company’s core cigarettes segment registering a growth of 37 percent.

    GPI attributed its performance to growth in its core segment and easing expenses. The company manufactures and distributes Marlboro-branded cigarettes under a license agreement with PMI.

    The growth in the cigarette segment was led by the Marlboro Compact, which is priced at INR10 apiece.

  • Kaival Announces Reverse Stock Split

    Kaival Announces Reverse Stock Split

    Image: Uuganbayar

    Kaival Brands Innovation Group, the parent to Bidi Stick vaping products, announced a 1-for-21 reverse stock split that became effective at the opening of trading Jan. 25.

    It’s not the first time the company has made such a move. In 2021, when the company applied to list on NASDAQ, the company implemented a 1-for-12 reverse split of its common stock, effective before the opening of the market on July 20. As a result of that reverse split every 12 shares were exchanged for one share of the common stock.

    Kaival Brands’ Common Stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol KAVL. The new CUSIP number for the Common Stock following the Reverse Stock Split will be 483104402.

    The company’s board approved the Reverse Stock Split. The material effects of the Reverse Stock Split are:

    • Every 21 shares of the issued and outstanding Common Stock has been combined into one (1) share of Common Stock.
    • The number of outstanding shares of Common Stock has been proportionally reduced from 58,661,090 shares to approximately 2,793,386 shares.
    • The Reverse Stock Split will not reduce the total number of Kaival Brands’ authorized shares of Common Stock.
    • The ownership percentage of each Kaival Brands stockholder will remain unchanged, other than as a result of fractional shares. No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders that would hold a fractional share of Common Stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split will have such fractional shares of Common Stock rounded up to the nearest whole share of Common Stock.
    • The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Company’s equity incentive plans and the Common Stock issuable pursuant to outstanding equity awards and common stock purchase warrants immediately prior to the Reverse Stock Split will be proportionately adjusted by the ratio of the Reverse Stock Split. The exercise prices of such outstanding options and warrants will also be adjusted in accordance with their respective terms.

    “Among other considerations, the Reverse Stock Split is intended to assist in bringing Kaival Brands into compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement for maintaining the listing of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and to make the prevailing prices of the Common Stock more attractive to a broader group of institutional investors,” the company wrote in a press release.

    Stockholders owning shares via a broker, bank, trust or other nominee will have their positions automatically adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split, subject to such broker’s particular processes. Such stockholders will not be required to take any action in connection with the Reverse Stock Split.

  • Altria Well-Placed for 2024: Zacks

    Altria Well-Placed for 2024: Zacks

    Image: Photo: Casimiro

    Despite changing consumer preferences and macroeconomic uncertainties, Altria Group is well positioned to navigate the market’s complexities in 2024, according to Zacks Investment Research.

    According to the financial firm, Altria Group owes its resilience in part to its strong pricing power, which allows the tobacco manufacturer to offset lower shipment volumes with higher earnings per pack.

    Altria Group’s investments in reduced-risk products, such as e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches, meanwhile, are enabling the company to capitalize on new market trends.

    What’s more, the acquisition of Njoy has given Altria Group access to some of the few vapor products that have been authorized for sale on the U.S. market by the Food and Drug Administration.

    Altria Group expects U.S. smoke-free volumes to grow by at least 35 percent through 2028 from the 2022 level of 800 million units.

  • Investors Challenge Juul Bailout

    Investors Challenge Juul Bailout

    Image: vectortatu

    A group of Juul Labs investors is challenging a November 2022 financial bailout by directors Nick Pritzker and Riaz Valani, alleging that the deal benefited insiders at the expense of other investors, reports The Wall Street Journal.

    A pioneer in the vaping business, Juul Labs went from dominating the U.S. market to fighting for its survival in a short time. Following its initial success, the company came under regulatory scrutiny over its marketing practices. Thousands of lawsuits alleging the company contributed to an “epidemic” of underage vaping took a toll on the company’s finances.

    After the Food and Drug Administration ordered its e-cigarettes off the market and a court stayed the order, Juul began exploring bankruptcy in June 2022.

    To avoid bankruptcy, Pritzker and Valani in September 2022 refinanced a Juul term loan and later that fall loaned Juul more money to cover operating costs. Finally, the two directors, along with Juul co-founders James Monsees and Adam Bowen, backstopped a sweeping legal settlement and made an equity investment in Juul.

    Juul, after approaching dozens of potential investors, closed a funding round in October 2023 that raised $1.27 billion. That sum included money that entities connected to Pritzker, Valani, and Juul’s two co-founders committed for Juul’s legal settlement and an additional $45 million from the same four investors.

    Entities tied to Valani and Pritzker now own nearly half of Juul, while most other investors have had their stakes sharply diluted amid the rescue.

    Affiliates of hedge fund D1 Capital Partners and two other investors sued Juul in October 2023 alleging that Pritzker and Valani “leveraged a distressed situation for their own personal gain to the detriment of Juul’s other stakeholders.”

    Juul in 2024 aims to raise another $330 million as it fights to keep its existing products on the U.S. market and submits new vaping products for federal authorization.

  • Tobacco Bonds Outperforming Peers

    Tobacco Bonds Outperforming Peers

    Image: larryhw

    Despite declining cigarette sales, U.S. tobacco bonds have done better than the average municipal bond index, according to The Wall Street Journal.

    An index of tobacco bonds maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices had a 10-year total return of 134 percent through the middle of December compared with just 34 percent for a general municipal bond index. And between late October and mid-December, the tobacco index rallied by 13 percent as overall bond yields fell.

    In 1998, the largest U.S. tobacco companies agreed to pay $206 billion over 25 years to 52 U.S. states and territories in exchange for those jurisdictions giving up future legal claims relating to the cost of treating sick smokers. 

    At least 21 states or territories, plus local entities within some of them, didn’t want to wait for the money to trickle in, taking it up front and transferring that risk to municipal bond investors.

    In the year’s since the Master Settlement Agreement, tobacco bond owners have had to cope with the rise of noncombustible products such as e-cigarettes, which don’t count toward the cash received.

    The U.S. government is also threatening to ban menthol cigarettes, which account for about a third of domestic cigarette sales. Excise taxes are depressing demand, as well. The consumer-price index for tobacco products is up by 530 percent since 1997, compared with 93 percent for overall consumer prices.

    On the other hand, tobacco companies agreed to an annual inflation adjustment for their payments of at least 3 percent. For many years, that was more than the states would have received if the payments were indexed to actual inflation.

    The recent surge in inflation, caused payments to increase by about 20 percent from 2019 to 2020.

  • Strategic Impairment

    Strategic Impairment

    Images: BAT

    BAT’s write-down of its U.S. cigarette brands is a positive step in its journey toward a resilient future.

    By Richard Haigh

    Earlier this month, BAT announced a $31.5 billion impairment on the value of some of its U.S. cigarette brands. The affected brands, including Newport, Camel, Pall Mall and Natural American Spirit, will see their value on BAT’s balance sheet adjusted to a finite lifetime of 30 years, resulting in a noncash impairment charge. This signifies the first instance where a major global tobacco company has written off some of the value of its traditional cigarettes business in a significant market such as the United States.

    BAT’s write-down highlights the challenges faced by traditional tobacco businesses in the wake of evolving industry dynamics. BAT attributes the move to economic challenges in the U.S., where inflation-weary consumers are shifting to cheaper brands, as well as the rise of illicit disposable vapes. Furthermore, intensifying regulatory environments and the heightened awareness of health risks have resulted in a decline in cigarette sales volumes in certain markets. These are predicted to continue to fall, with BAT adding that global tobacco industry sales volumes will be down around 3 percent in 2023.

    Responding to Change

    The decision to write down the value of some of its brands was a bold step for BAT because, despite the short-term pain, the reality is that the market for cigarettes is shrinking, and pretending otherwise would be irresponsible on the part of management.

    In the past, failure to embrace change has decided the fate of several top brands. Blockbuster, a giant in the video rental industry with thousands of stores worldwide, failed to recognize the shift toward online streaming and mail-order DVD services. In 2010, Blockbuster filed for bankruptcy, unable to compete with the likes of Netflix. Kodak, which resisted the shift to digital cameras, suffered the consequences, filing for bankruptcy in 2012. Nokia, once a dominant force in the mobile phone industry, struggled to adapt to the rise of smartphones and the popularity of app ecosystems. Nokia’s market share declined rapidly, and eventually, it sold its mobile phone business to Microsoft in 2014. These all serve as cautionary examples.

    BAT’s move is crucial in the context of the company consciously steering away from potential pitfalls, showcasing a commitment to survival and growth in new categories. The company is already investing heavily in alternative products, focusing on vaping and oral nicotine and wants 50 percent of its revenues to come from these by 2035.

    Appointed CEO in May 2023, Tadeu Marroco has played a crucial role in guiding the company through a transformative phase, emphasizing growth in emerging categories such as vapes and e-cigarettes.

    Correlation Between Leadership Tenure and Impairments

    Tadeu Marroco assumed the role of CEO in May 2023. Having previously served as BAT’s finance director, Marroco has played a crucial role in guiding the company through a transformative phase, emphasizing growth in emerging categories such as vapes and e-cigarettes.

    The correlation between tenure length and significant impairments is an interesting one to note. When assessing 2019’s largest impairments, a common thread emerges: new leadership, as depicted in the charts accompanying this text. In this context, BAT’s decision is not an isolated incident but rather a strategic response to industry challenges, reflecting a broader pattern observed in companies experiencing changes in leadership.

    When looking at 2019’s biggest goodwill impairments, except for Procter and Gamble and CenturyLink, all companies listed had either a new CEO, a new chief financial officer (CFO) or both. Most of these companies’ previous leaders decided not to take an impairment in 2018. CenturyLink did take an impairment in 2018, when it also had both a new CEO and CFO. Therefore, new leadership appears to have a significant impact on the likelihood a company will impair its goodwill. Among the entire sample, we found that 30 percent of all impairments occur within the first year of having a new CEO or CFO.

    For larger impairments, where the impairment represents at least half of the goodwill carrying amount, 41 percent of these occur within the first year of new leadership. At best, this analysis suggests that goodwill impairment can be influenced by varying personal opinions of management personnel and their perceptions of outlook and risk. At the worst, this analysis suggests that there may be an ulterior motive within the decision to impair goodwill. By taking an impairment at the beginning of your tenure as a CEO or CFO, it helps you to either set a precedent that suggests your predecessor was negligent/overoptimistic about their acquisitions or influence the share price to fall initially then rise throughout the rest of your tenure.

    Given these insights, the timing of the impairment—just nine months into Marroco’s tenure as CEO—aligns with broader trends observed in companies with leadership changes. Adding to the leadership transition, BAT has recently appointed a new CFO, scheduled to assume the role in April 2024.

    Looking Ahead

    BAT’s impairment announcement should be viewed as a positive and necessary step in the company’s journey toward a resilient future. Rather than focusing solely on the financial implications, stakeholders should recognize the strategic foresight behind this decision.

    However, the industry is consistently grappling with challenges. Plain packaging laws have notably evolved, gaining increased comprehensiveness in some countries. These regulations now extend their coverage from traditional tobacco products to encompass heated tobacco, tobacco accessories and other nicotine-containing items. Adding to the recent developments, this month, the World Health Organization has shifted its focus to vaping, urging governments to apply tobacco-style control measures to address this emerging concern.

    Therefore, BAT and other tobacco companies must proactively adapt their strategies, leveraging innovation and regulatory compliance, to navigate the evolving landscape and ensure long-term success in an industry marked by ever increasing health-related safeguards and regulatory barriers.

    Richard Haigh is group managing director at Brand Finance.