Category: Harm Reduction

  • IQOS safety questioned

    IQOS safety questioned

    A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine reports that output from the Philip Morris International heat-not-burn product, iQOS, contains the same harmful components as are found in conventional tobacco cigarette smoke, according to a healio.com story relayed by the TMA.

    Writing in the current publication, Dr. Reto Auer, of the Institute of Primary Health Care at the University of Bern in Switzerland, said PMI claimed that iQOS released no smoke because the tobacco did not combust and the tobacco leaves were only heated not burned.  ‘However, there can be smoke without fire,’ he said.

    ‘The harmful components of tobacco cigarette smoke are products of incomplete combustion (pyrolysis) and the degradation of tobacco cigarettes through heat (thermogenic degradation).’

    Auer and his colleagues analyzed and compared the contents and toxic compounds released in iQOS (iQOS Holder, iQOS Pocket Charger, Marlboro HeatSticks [regular], and Heets, Philip Morris SA) ‘smoke’ with that of conventional cigarettes (Lucky Strike Blue Lights).

    Their study was said to have found that iQOS smoke contained similar levels of volatile organic compounds and nicotine as the smoke from conventional cigarettes, and that heat-not-burn products released higher levels of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon acenaphthene than did conventional cigarettes.

    The researchers called for further evaluation of the health effects of iQOS and recommended that heated tobacco products should be subjected to the same indoor-smoking bans as were conventional tobacco cigarettes.

  • New ways sought at WHO

    New ways sought at WHO

    Japan Tobacco International has urged the new leader of the World Health Organization, the former Ethiopian health minister Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, to scrutinize carefully the organization’s current practices.

    In a note posted on its website today, JTI said the World Health Assembly had just appointed the WHO’s new director general, amid controversy around the UN agency’s practices.

    ‘JTI has witnessed a number of abuses over the past years that are putting at risk three fundamental areas where businesses play a key role: transparency, sustainability and innovation,’ the note said. ‘We trust that current practices will be carefully scrutinized by the new WHO lead.’

    On the question of transparency, JTI said that a culture of censorship and exclusion had developed, notably at the most recent Conference of the Parties to WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), where ostensibly open debates were held behind closed doors, from which journalists and the public were expelled, in direct contravention of the United Nation’s fundamental principles.

    ‘Any individual or organization who is seen to consult with anyone in the tobacco sector, including government representatives and experts with legitimate credentials, is in the WHO’s line of sight,’ the note said. ‘The WHO has so abused these practices that it is now putting pressure on other organizations, notably UN agencies, to follow the same dogmatic approach. It is therefore no surprise that the three WHO candidates have made transparency a key theme of their campaign. We expect the new director general to terminate this culture of secrecy.’

    Turning to the question of sustainability, JTI said it was regrettable that the current WHO leadership had a narrow vision of the developing world’s realities. ‘Bullying tobacco farmers and governments to blindly follow its exclusion tactics, the WHO has been dangerously jeopardizing many programs which enhance tobacco communities’ livelihoods and meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals,’ the note said. ‘This includes Public Private Partnerships that have delivered concrete results which can only be achieved through sustained and collaborative efforts.

    ‘Conversely, if companies didn’t take their responsibility towards society seriously, the  same organization would no doubt point fingers at them. It is crucial for the new WHO regime to acknowledge the invaluable expertise, resources and rigor that legitimate companies can and should continue to provide to communities where they are established.’

    On the question of innovation, JTI said the WHO’s FCTC continued to recommend the prohibition or restriction of electronic cigarettes, even though these products did not contain tobacco and had the potential to reduce health risks. The company said it was looking forward to a new direction at the WHO that encouraged innovation and choice through research and development instead of ‘sliding into a contagious trend of product bans’.

    “The WHO has become ideology-driven, engaging in a fight against businesses, tobacco growers, and vapers when it should open itself up to scrutiny and see the merit of initiatives that are actually delivering results, no matter what individual positions are,” JTI’s corporate communications vice president, Michelle McKeown, was quoted as saying.

    “We trust the new WHO director general will take this opportunity to get back to basics by tackling the issue of transparency, keeping an objective view of sustainability in the developing world, and accepting that the innovation of next-generation products can help address some of the organization’s concerns.”

  • Another move in end game

    Another move in end game

    The Danish Institute of Human Rights (DIHR) has said that the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) require the tobacco industry to stop the production and marketing of tobacco products.

    In a note posted on its website, the DIHR said the United Nations Human Rights Council had endorsed the UNGPs, which applied to all companies including tobacco companies.

    ‘The Human Rights Council has expressed its authoritative expectation that all companies exercise due diligence in the efforts to respect human rights,’ the note said.

    ‘According to the UNGPs companies should avoid causing or contributing to adverse impacts on human rights. Where such impacts occur, companies should immediately cease the actions that cause or contribute to the impacts.

    ‘Tobacco is deeply harmful to human health, and there can be no doubt that the production and marketing of tobacco is irreconcilable with the human right to health.

    ‘For the tobacco industry, the UNGPs therefore require the cessation of the production and marketing of tobacco.’

    The issue has come to a head because, in September, the DIHR began work on a human rights assessment of Philip Morris International.

    The DIHR said that work had been completed and that it had decided to end its engagement with PMI.

    The DIHR note, which explains the purpose of its engagement with PMI, is at: https://www.humanrights.dk/news/human-rights-assessment-philip-morris-international.

  • New product trialled

    New product trialled

    Philip Morris International said yesterday that it had released its second Scientific Update for Smoke-Free Products, a regular publication on its research efforts to develop and assess a range of potentially reduced-risk alternatives to cigarettes.

    ‘This issue of the Scientific Update focuses on novel approaches to e-vapor products,’ the company said in a note posted on its website. ‘Technology and innovation can improve user experience and continuously enhance a product’s potential to present less risk of harm than smoking. The focus of the issue details the product design and manufacturing behind MESH, the new generation of e-vapor technology PMI is currently test marketing in Birmingham (UK). MESH is one of the four smoke-free product types developed by PMI, along with IQOS.’

    Professor Manuel Peitsch, PMI’s chief scientific officer, was quoted as saying that PMI was working to transition progressively its existing cigarette business to smoke-free products. “By offering a diverse portfolio of innovative and scientifically substantiated alternatives, we believe we can accelerate the switching of an even greater number of adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke and have a positive impact on public health.”

    Meanwhile, Michele Cattoni, PMI’s vice president Technology and Operations, was quoted as saying that technological innovation was at the heart of PMI’s efforts to create a smoke-free future. “We have developed an e-vapor product which, like our other smoke-free technologies, incorporates the highest manufacturing and design standards to ensure the consistency and quality of the generated vapor.”

    PMI says that beyond the development behind PMI’s MESH proprietary technology, the Update provides an overview of its assessment to date. ‘The issue also covers the latest studies, key peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences,’ it said. ‘It is an important complement to PMI’s ongoing efforts to share its latest science, which include a dedicated website (www.pmiscience.com).

    ‘PMI’s extensive research and assessment program is inspired by the well-recognized practices of the pharmaceutical industry and in line with guidance of the US FDA for Modified-Risk Tobacco Products (MRTPs).

    ‘The company today employs over 400 world-class scientists, engineers and experts who conduct rigorous research, including laboratory and clinical studies, as well as ground-breaking systems toxicology. The assessment program also includes studies on actual product use and correct understanding of product communications, as well as post-market research.’

    The Scientific Update is at: https://www.pmiscience.com/news/smoke-free-products-scientific-update.

  • UK urged to go own way

    UK urged to go own way

    New EU regulations governing vaping products sold in the UK are ‘stringent and ill-conceived, and should be reviewed and overhauled as part of the Brexit process for the good of the country’s public health’, according to the UK Vaping Industry Association (UKVIA).

    To ensure that the UK realised the massive potential health benefit of vaping for those seeking to stop or reduce smoking, and to save the government billions of pounds in National Health Service (NHS) costs, there was a need for an overhaul of Article 20 of the EU’s Tobacco Products Directive, which come into force on May 20.

    The UKVIA said that while it welcomed those aspects of the new EU regulations that provided certainty and clarity on quality and safety issues pertaining to vaping products, the provision of product information and the testing of products and their vapor emissions, it was questioning what it termed ‘the level of ill-conceived restrictions on nicotine strengths and e-liquid bottle sizes and advertising bans akin to those for cigarettes’.

    The association said it believed such ill-conceived regulation would impact the continuing growth of the vaping market, which was today worth more than half a billion pounds in consumer purchases – purchases that reflected the enormous demand from smokers for less harmful alternatives to smoking.

    ‘Vaping is currently enjoyed by some three million smokers in the UK, over half of whom now describe themselves as “former smokers”,’ a UKVIA press note said. ‘Based on the NHS’s valuation of £74,000 for every smoker that stops smoking,  a total saving of £111 billion for the nation’s coffers is already being realised.’

    Charles Hamshaw-Thomas, a UKVIA board member (pictured), was quoted as saying that a huge potential public health prize could be lost if the UK government didn’t act swiftly. “We are very concerned about several of the new EU regulations which pay lip service to the potentially seismic public health opportunity which is widely recognised as being on offer,” he said. “Excessive restrictions, almost identical to those for tobacco products, make no sense if all smokers and the wider public are to be made aware that vaping is much more healthier than smoking.

    “There is huge demand from smokers for less harmful alternatives to cigarettes. In August 2015, Public Health England reported that vaping is likely to be at least 95 percent less harmful than smoking; and since then a growing consensus has emerged in the public health community that vaping products are life changers. It’s critical therefore that the government, in the world of Brexit, ensures that the UK’s regulatory base and framework for vaping and reduced-risk nicotine products is fit for purpose and that the industry is incentivised to develop and promote new and ever better products so that a smoke free world becomes a reality.

    “We are calling for Article 20  to be overhauled at the earliest possible opportunity in the Brexit process.”

    Meanwhile health behaviourist, Peter Hajek, Professor of Clinical Psychology at the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, said that vaping would now be regulated much more strictly than conventional cigarettes were regulated. This would make it fiddly, less helpful for dependent smokers and more expensive. And it would discourage further product improvements. There was no logical justification for any of these measures.

    “In a nutshell, the EU TPD protects cigarettes from their much less risky competitor and will be damaging to public health,” he said. “If there is any leeway to ignore or scrap this part of the Directive, now or in the future, it should be taken.”

    The UKVIA press note said that many stop smoking services across the UK were beginning to declare themselves as ‘vape friendly’, by advocating vaping products as a quitting aid. But many feared the new rules would act as a barrier.

    “We are concerned that aspects of the Tobacco Products Directive work against helping people stop smoking, by making life for vapers more difficult – sub-optimal strength nicotine, small bottles, small tanks – and by preventing positive messages being shared among those who have been frightened off vaping by a hostile propaganda war,” said Louise Ross, Stop Smoking Service Manager in Leicester.

  • New rules needed

    New rules needed

    The decision by New Zealand’s Ministry of Health to take action against Philip Morris New Zealand (PMNZ) over the sale of its smoke-free heated tobacco product demonstrated the urgent need for comprehensive reform so that smokers could switch from cigarettes to smoke-free alternatives including heated tobacco products, according to a PM press release published by scoop.co.nz.

    The Ministry of Health has filed a complaint in the Wellington District Court against PMNZ over the importation and sale of the company’s Heets tobacco sticks, which are the consumable part of its IQOS heat-not-burn product, according to a stuff.co.nz story relayed by the TMA. The ministry considers Heets to comprise tobacco products designed for oral use other than for smoking, which are prohibited under the Smoke-Free Environments Act 1990. A hearing in the case has been set for June 2.

    The general manager of PMNZ Jason Erickson said the company had firmly believed it would be helping to advance the government’s goal of securing a smoke free New Zealand when it introduced its smoke-free product IQOS to New Zealand last year.

    PMNZ launched the IQOS device and Heets tobacco sticks in New Zealand in December 2016 as part of the company’s stated global commitment to replacing conventional cigarettes with smoke-free alternatives.

    Erickson said the company was confident that the sale of IQOS and Heets fully complied with the Smoke-Free Environments Act (1990) and other relevant legislation in New Zealand.

    “The section of the law referenced by the ministry in its action against Philip Morris was originally put in place in the 1990s to address American-style chewing tobacco,” Erickson said.

    “We stand behind IQOS and Heets. But it’s clear that old 20th century laws are not sufficient to address new 21st century technologies that New Zealand smokers are embracing as they move away from combustible cigarettes.”

    The New Zealand Government announced in March that it would legalise the sale and supply of nicotine electronic cigarettes and e-liquid, and establish a pathway to enable emerging tobacco and nicotine-delivery products to be sold lawfully as consumer products.

    “We support New Zealand’s Smoke-free 2025 goal,” Erickson said. “Philip Morris looks forward to working with government to ensure IQOS and Heets are fully understood in the context of the regulations being developed for e-cigarettes and emerging tobacco and nicotine-delivery products.”

    The PM press note said that IQOS was available in in more than 20 countries, including the UK, Japan, Italy and Switzerland. Globally, more than two million smokers had switched to IQOS and the company had plans to expand to key cities in 30 countries by the end of 2017.

  • Ray of hope for e-cigs

    Ray of hope for e-cigs

    In his first remarks to staff at the US’ Food and Drug Administration, the new commissioner, Scott Gottlieb, signaled an openness to electronic cigarettes that might hint at a future weakening of the Obama-era rule that clamped down on the industry driving the development of these products, according to a story by Dan Diamond for Politico.

    “We need to have the science base to explore the potential to move current smokers — unable or unwilling to quit — to less harmful products, if they can’t quit altogether,” Gottlieb was reported to have said on Monday.

    Gottlieb did not mention electronic cigarettes directly, but his comments echoed proponents’ arguments that such products can be a stepdown from traditional tobacco cigarettes.

    However, Diamond said that critics were saying that the reality was less rosy, without explaining why they thought this way.

    The FDA announced last week that it was delaying aspects of a rule that aimed to regulate electronic cigarettes as traditional cigarettes.

  • June 5 launch for iQOS

    June 5 launch for iQOS

    Philip Morris Korea said on Wednesday that it would launch its heated-tobacco product iQOS in Seoul on June 5, according to a story in The Korea Herald.

    “Our vision is a smoke-free future,” the company’s CEO Chong Il-woo said at a press conference at the Banyan Tree Club and Spa in Seoul.

    The product will be sold as a system, which includes the iQOS device, a pocket charger, and charging and cleaning accessories. To use the device, consumers will have to buy tobacco sticks called HEETS.

    The company told the conference that the heated tobacco sticks delivered similar levels of nicotine to that delivered by traditional cigarettes, but reduced the exposure to harmful or potentially harmful chemicals by 90 percent.

    IQOS will be launched in special iQOS stores in Gwanghwamun and Garosu-gil, Seoul, and at CU convenience stores and selected Electromart outlets. Sales are due to be expanded to the rest of the country later this year.

    The consumer price for the iQOS kit has been set at 120,000 won ($107), and each pack of 20 HEETS will retail at 4,300 won, close to the price of a pack of 20 cigarettes.

    HEETS sticks, which deliver 0.5 mg of nicotine each, will be available in four flavors.

  • Greece investment sound

    Greece investment sound

    Philip Morris International is feeling vindicated by the decision it announced in March to invest €300 million in its Greek unit, according to a story by Antonis Galanopoulos and Sotiris Nikas published in the Irish Independent.

    When PMI announced the investment, it was betting on an economy that had ‘cratered as the country was struggling to strike a deal with its creditors’, the story said.

    But PMI and its wholly owned subsidiary, Papastratos, didn’t want to wait.

    Now, with review talks completed between the government and creditors, Christos Harpantidis, Papastratos’ CEO, says the company feels vindicated.

    “Our example will be followed by many others,” Harpantidis reportedly said in an interview with Bloomberg in Athens.

    The investment is among the biggest such inflows for Greece since the debt crisis in 2009, and is a much-needed boost for a country that has seen its economy shrink by more than a quarter.

    Papastratos has begun transforming its factory in Aspropyrgos, a suburb of Athens, into a producer of tobacco sticks to be used in PMI’s iQOS heated-tobacco product.

    The plan is to use Greece as one of the PMI’s bases to produce sticks for exports to more than 30 countries by the end of 2017.

  • Opposition to vape factory

    Opposition to vape factory

    Despite opposition from Malaysia’s Health Ministry and anti-vaping advocates, the country is due soon to have a factory manufacturing vapor devices and nicotine-free e-liquids, according to a story in The New Straits Times.

    Kilang Vape of Malaysia, which is in Nilai Utama Enterprise Park, Negri Sembilan, was supposed to be opened officially on May 12 but the launch failed to materialize.

    Initially, the Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism (DTCC), Datuk Henry Sum Agong, was scheduled to open the factory, but the ministry decided against his becoming involved after heeding calls from non-governmental organizations and medical experts.

    The DTCC minister, Datuk Seri Hamzah Zainudin, in addressing the issue yesterday, acknowledged that he had received objection letters from several concerned groups about the opening of the factory.

    But Hamzah conceded that the factory represented a business opportunity.

    “There is nothing wrong for them to do business here,” he said. “We have laws and as per our regulations, one needs to have a license to operate in Malaysia. And they have got the license. Everything is in accordance to the law.”

    But there was a sting in the tail of Hamzah’s statement.

    “Whether they can sell the products in the country or not; that depends on the laws of the respective states,” he added.