Tag: JTI

  • Celebrating Diversity

    Celebrating Diversity

    Diversity and equal opportunities are an integral part of JTI’s business success.

    By Stefanie Rossel

    According to studies, diversity in the workplace can contribute to smarter decision-making, greater productivity and reduced rates of employee turnover, along with improved corporate reputations. In recent years, companies around the world have increasingly implemented diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs—a collection of practices and policies intended to support people from varying backgrounds and give them the resources they need to thrive in the workplace.

    More precisely, diversity is embracing the differences everyone brings to the table, whether it’s someone’s race, age, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability or other aspects of social identity. With different backgrounds come different perspectives, which ultimately lead to better ideas and solutions and better outcomes—or products, for that matter.

    To ensure equal circumstances for all individuals across the organization, employers must recognize that not everyone is starting at the same level. Rather than giving everybody the same tools, companies that strive for equity provide employees with what they individually need to have an equal opportunity for success.

    Inclusion means that while the workplace requires professionalism and etiquette, employees should not be barred from being themselves; they should not worry about “code-switching” or shielding part of their identity when going to work. Inclusion is what maintains diversity.

    Research conducted by McKinsey shows that in 2020, companies worldwide spent an estimated $7.5 billion on DEI-related efforts, a number that was projected to double by 2026. According to a LinkedIn analysis, the number of chief diversity and inclusion officer positions grew by 168.9 percent in the U.S. between 2019 and 2022. However, DEI programs have been under siege from some quarters recently, with U.S. state lawmakers launching efforts to restrict DEI efforts in public schools and universities and companies rolling back their efforts. DEI initiatives, opponents argue, are an overly political, damaging waste of time or a distraction from organizations’ primary activities.

    In fact, there has been little scientific research to evaluate the effects of DEI, which emerged at the time of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. A 2023 review by Boston University researchers found that successful programs were composed of trainings that were grounded in theory. Effective trainings were longitudinal instead of one-time and not only focused on defining concepts but also provided additional support, trainings and skills, such as how to navigate challenging conversations. In successful programs, DEI was not limited to diversity but also emphasized inclusion, meaning companies engaged individuals or groups who had been historically excluded from decision-making activities. This, in turn, drove equity.

    Culture of Inclusivity

    Fernando Bonaduce

    Geneva-headquartered Japan Tobacco International has had a comprehensive DEI program in place since 2018. “We foster an environment that embraces diversity, ensures equal opportunities and provides a safe space for everyone to contribute,” says Fernando Bonaduce, JTI’s DEI director. “This commitment is integral to our business success. I am proud that all JTI branches worldwide have adopted DEI principles. Our employees play a crucial role in this endeavor. Starting from the highest levels of the organization and extending through our global team, we are nurturing a culture of inclusivity. This gives everyone the freedom to choose, think, express themselves and be authentic.”

    In 2020, JTI launched its first employee resource group (ERG), PRIDE, for the LGBTIQ+ community. “Today, we have four ERGs with hundreds of change agents involved in key DEI areas such as gender equality, race and ethnic inclusion, gender identity and sexual orientations or diverse thinking,” says Bonaduce. Changes in corporate culture, he notes, require both time and effort and are “anything but an easy road.”

    In 2021, the company committed to increasing women in leadership roles to 30 percent by the end of 2023. “We achieved this ambition in August of that year, well ahead of schedule,” says Bonaduce. “Our commitment to gender equality reflects our efforts to foster a diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace, creating an environment where female colleagues are set up for success.”

    One year later, the company’s DEI division was merged with the human resources department, an initiative that has been guided by a DEI strategy focusing on four strategic pillars: strategic commitment, value diversity, building inclusion and nurturing employees’ well-being. “This strategic focus has influenced talent attraction, retention and promotion processes by ensuring all our decisions are geared toward bringing out the human best in our organization. For instance, embedding the DEI principles means that talent management needs to develop a diverse representation in leadership roles,” says Bonaduce.

    The company’s DEI-rooted approach, he says, implies that JTI constantly seeks to identify and remove barriers that prevent underrepresented groups from fully participating in the whole recruitment process. Initiatives to achieve this objective include encouraging and monitoring language to not exclude potential applicants based on their background and designing interviews and panels in a way to provide every candidate with the best chance for success. “This approach helps us remove biases from the selection process as best we can,” says Bonaduce.

    Work-Life Balance

    JTI uses channels and platforms that directly address underrepresented groups, like myGwork, to attract a more diverse applicant pool. The remarkable increase in the number of women in leadership roles, Bonaduce says, is a direct result of the company’s efforts, which aim to enhance the visibility of its top female talents and provide mentorship for them. “Every year, each member of JTI’s global executive committee, except for the CEO, sponsors a senior female talent from around the globe for a period of 12 months. This program aids our talented individuals in their career development, fostering an inclusive and diverse culture from the very top of our organization.”

    To help employees recognize and overcome unconscious biases and ensure managers become a catalyst for inclusion and nurture individuals as they are, the company offers various training programs.

    Mental health is also an important element in JTI’s DEI strategy. “Our employees dedicate a significant portion of their day to work-related activities,” says Bonaduce. “We know how important physical fitness is for our health and well-being. Unfortunately, people can still hesitate to openly seek psychological guidance or support with mental health due to uncertainty about others’ reactions or feelings of shame. At JTI, we are committed to helping people remove the stigma that still exists in some parts of society.”

    The company therefore offers its employees a mental fitness test so that they can check how balanced and healthy they are, live training sessions and a global employee assistance program that provides round-the-clock access to over 40,000 counselors, mental health trainers and specialists 365 days a year. “This service is free, confidential and professional, with assistance available in 200 different languages.” Additional mental health first-aid program modules promote peer-to-peer support on various mental health and personal well-being topics.

    Taking Pride in Being Different

    Rene Staebe

    PRIDE is a particular success story within the company’s DEI approach. “Having an LGBTIQ+ ERG like PRIDE at JTI is crucial for fostering an inclusive and supportive workplace,” says Rene Staebe, co-founder of PRIDE. “Such groups provide a safe space where individuals can express their true selves, share their experiences and find solidarity among peers. This sense of belonging not only boosts individual well-being and job satisfaction but also enhances overall company performance.” According to research, a third of LGBT+ people in the European Union hide their identity from co-workers, and even more have faced discrimination at work because of who they are.

    “Our initiatives focus on educating colleagues, promoting understanding and encouraging open dialogue,” says Staebe. He says he has witnessed remarkable and positive changes across the company since PRIDE’s creation, one of the most significant shifts being the noticeable increase in active allies. “Employees from all levels and departments have stepped up to show their support, especially at senior management level, who have been instrumental in setting a powerful example for others to follow whilst their endorsement has helped embed the values of PRIDE into the fabric of our corporate culture, making inclusivity a core component of our identity,” says Staebe. “We have seen a substantial increase in the number of internal webinars and educational sessions focused on LGBTIQ+ issues providing valuable platforms for sharing knowledge, raising awareness and fostering open dialogue. This has been aided by the implementation of more inclusive policies and practices to include more comprehensive nondiscrimination clauses and more inclusive healthcare and parental leave benefits.”

    Meanwhile, PRIDE has a global ERG footprint, with chapters in Canada, the U.S., Switzerland, the Philippines and 13 other countries. Staebe highlights that continuous support is being provided to employees in regions that are not friendly toward the queer community. PRIDE is exploring ways to empower local markets, such as the Middle East, by setting up resource groups while complying with local regulations.

     

    “We are always striving to create a confidential environment where LGBTIQ+ employees can feel safe and valued, which is why it’s so important to have a presence within countries where there are challenges for community members. For this to be possible, we are supported by JTI’s “embassy” model, which enables us to have a presence despite the challenges that people may face,” says Staebe.

    In 2023, the company was honored with the Swiss LGBT Label award for the second time. Its progress was also awarded with EY’s Global Equality Standard certification in 2021, in which JTI received several of the highest assessment scores for equal opportunities and equal pay in the workplace. The company has also been recognized as a Global Top Employer.

    For a DEI program to be successful, it is important to maintain constant dialogue with underrepresented groups, Bonaduce says. “Feedback from our employees confirms that management is becoming increasingly inclusive. Almost 90 percent of our global employees experience a full sense of belonging to the organization. We also observe our leadership bench becoming even more diverse, with talent from different genders and cultural backgrounds.”

  • JTI Awarded Global Top Employer

    JTI Awarded Global Top Employer

    Image: Nuthawut

    Japan Tobacco International was certified Global Top Employer for the 10th year in a row.

    “This recognition acknowledges that our people are at the heart of everything we do and shows the progress we continue to make in improving our environment, caring about the well-being of our employees as well as our focus on diversity, equity and inclusion. Being awarded Top Employer 10 years in a row demonstrates to our future employees that JTI is a great place to work. This certification is a key component in attracting and retaining top talent,” said Guergana Andreeva, senior vice president of people and culture, in a statement.

    JTI is one of 17 companies to be honored with the Global Top Employer award. Eleven countries where JTI has a presence were ranked No. 1. Globally, JTI ensures that its employees and their families have best-in-class support thanks to its global family leave policy aiming to provide equal opportunities for both parents to spend time with their newborn, according to JTI.

    JTI has also implemented new flexible working measures, which allow employees to choose how, when and where they work, and with the help of the employee resource groups, the company provides great support to various underrepresented groups, including, but not limited to, supporting females in leadership roles and LGBTQ+ communities.

    “While we are very pleased to have received the Global Top Employer certification for the 10th consecutive year, we are even more delighted that the various initiatives we have put in place in our locations across the world have helped improve our employees’ well-being, job satisfaction and opportunities to continue to develop their careers. JTI was awarded the Top Employer certification thanks to its 46,000 employees of 119 different nationalities who set goals and commit to achieving them,” Andreeva added.

  • Alexander Solomakhin To Lead Donskoy Tabak

    Alexander Solomakhin To Lead Donskoy Tabak

    Photo: JackF

    Japan Tobacco International has appointed Alexander Solomakhin as director of its Donskoy Tabak factory in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, reports Interfax, citing data from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

    Prior to his current position, Solomakhin was director of sales for JTI’s southern Russia region.

    JTI Donskoy Tabak was previously headed by Sergei Lavrikov, who is currently director of the Pereslavl Tabak tobacco factory.

    JTI closed the acquisition of Donskoy Tabak, which was previously part of Agrokom Group, in 2018 and completed its merger with JTI Russia in December 2021. After the reorganization, production at the Rostov factory was taken over by JTI Donskoy Tabak.

    JTI Russia is the largest producer of tobacco products in Russia.

  • JTI Boosts Philippines’ Tax Collections

    JTI Boosts Philippines’ Tax Collections

    Illustration: Tobacco Reporter archive

    The Philippines’ tobacco tax receipts have been substantially boosted by Japan Tobacco International’s (JTI) recent expansion in the country, reports Business World.

    As of Feb. 18, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) had collected PHP29.1 billion ($598.43 million), up 73.5 percent from a year earlier.

    The BIR was also above target for the month by about 4.3 percent. According to the Department of Finance, the bureau had collected PHP17.57 billion from excise taxes on tobacco products, exceeding the target for the month of PHP16.85 billion.

    The tax take was 110 percent higher than the total collected in the equivalent period from the previous year.

    BIR Deputy Commissioner Arnel Guballa said the bureau collected more taxes from JTI, which had expanded its Batangas factory.

    “Noticeably, we have a big increase in the collection of tobacco excises because JTI opened its plant in Batangas. So it’s in full operation … That’s also why we have quite a collection in tobacco for this month,” Guballa said.

    JTI Philippines established a manufacturing plant in Batangas City in 2017 and expanded last year.

    JTI Philippines also acquired the tobacco business of Mighty Corp. in August 2017 for PHP46.8 billion, adding the Mighty and Marvels brands to its lineup.

    Bulacan-based Mighty shut down in July 2017 after a series of tax evasion complaints before the Justice Department due to its use of fake tax stamps. Its total tax settlement with the government amounted to PHP30 billion.

    According to the Department of Finance, tax collections from Mighty surged immediately after the takeover.

    Recent laws raised the excise taxes on tobacco products along with other “sin” products, such as alcohol and electronic cigarettes.

    The BIR is tasked to collect PHP2.081 trillion this year, which if achieved would be up 7 percent on its actual collections in 2020.

  • Japan Tobacco Invests in its Trier Factory

    Japan Tobacco Invests in its Trier Factory

    Japan Tobacco International (JTI) has invested €22.5 million ($26.6 million) in expanding production at its Trier, Germany, plant, reports Lokalo.de.

    “Our plant in Trier has a special place in the JTI group,” said Peter Kilburg, plant manager. “We are one of only two plants in which all production steps are mapped—from raw tobacco storage to preparation and processing of the tobacco to the finished product. The investment in the double-digit million range strengthens the strategic importance of the Trier plant within JTI’s global supply chain—it is a clear commitment to the Trier production location.”

    Further investments are planned for the coming years.

    JTI invested €30 million in 2001 for the construction of the facility.

  • Taming The Beast

    Taming The Beast

    Cormac O’Rourke (Photos courtesy of JTI)

    JTI’s Cormac O’Rourke reflects on Malaysia’s struggle against the illicit trade in tobacco products.

    By Stefanie Rossel

    Malaysia holds a sad record: It’s the market most affected by illicit cigarettes. According to Nielsen, about 12.2 billion sticks of contraband cigarettes were sold and consumed in Malaysia last year, outstripping the number of cigarettes sold legally in the country.

    Most illegal cigarettes are brought into the country, which has a total coastline of 4,675 km, through one of its numerous ports or through neighboring Singapore. Declared as nontaxable goods destined for a third country, they are not examined by customs. Instead of being shipped to their destinations, however, the cigarettes are smuggled into Malaysia.

    Tobacco Reporter spoke with Cormac O’Rourke, general manager of Japan Tobacco International (JTI) Malaysia, about the strategies required to address the issue.

    Tobacco Reporter: Illegal cigarettes accounted for 62.3 percent of the Malaysian cigarette market in 2019, up from 58.9 percent one year previously, according to Nielsen. What’s the situation today?

    Cormac O’Rourke: The illegal cigarette trade situation in Malaysia remains critical in 2020. The latest reading of the Illegal Cigarettes Study for June 2020 shows illegal trade at 60.5 percent of the market. Malaysia continues to be No. 1 in the world for illegal cigarette trading, costing the country approximately $1 billion in lost tax revenues annually.

    To what extent has the outbreak of Covid-19 and the related “movement control order” (MCO) contributed to the problem?

    The MCO period posed several operational issues for the legitimate tobacco industry. In effect, supply of legal products was severely disrupted albeit not fully halted. During this period, the illegal trade syndicates pivoted to the e-commerce channel for sale. Even food delivery services were engaged for distribution. This resulted in a loss of earnings for retailers—[there are] approximately 60,000 throughout Malaysia who rely on the sales of tobacco as a primary source of income. The vacuum was filled by illegal traders where it is estimated that approximately $250 million alone of the annual $1 billion was lost in tax revenue during this short period. Normal supply has since resumed but illicit trade incidence remains stubbornly high at 60.5 percent.

    The Malaysian Ministry of Finance has established a multi-agency task force (MATF) to combat illicit cigarette trade. How effective has this initiative been?

    The establishment of a MATF in January 2020 led by the Royal Malaysian Customs has paved the way for a public-private sector partnership with a clear term of reference to comprehensively address the illicit trade issue in Malaysia.

    Addressing the long-standing illegal trade problem in Malaysia requires a whole of government approach involving ministries and law enforcement agencies. We believe that the MATF with the involvement of the Royal Malaysian Police Force, Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs, [and] Ministry of Finance, among others, can drive enforcement efforts and also ensure sensible regulatory policies are discussed and validated so as to not exacerbate the problem any further. We are optimistic that the current government is now relooking into this issue seriously and [has] recently initiated a meeting in early August to reinstate the MATF with all stakeholders.

    This is a national problem costing the country between $1 billion a year in lost tax revenue. It is further costing the small and medium enterprise sector, in particular retailers, billions of ringgits in lost margins. This is damaging not only from a jobs point of view but reputationally for the country as it strives to compete for its fair share of foreign direct investment.

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    You have named cigarette transshipment and repeated excise tax increases as issues that exacerbate the illicit trade problem. Furthermore, Malaysian smokers have mentioned corruption as the biggest hurdle to controlling illicit cigarette trade in a recent survey by British American Tobacco. What has been done recently to tackle these issues?

    Transshipment of illegal cigarettes through Malaysia is estimated to account for up to 50 percent of the illegal volumes coming into the country. This can only be done via the ports through a systematic approach to smuggling and abuse of documentation procedures. The industry has tabled recommendations for the government to ban the practice of transshipment for cigarettes. This, coupled with designating a single point of entry for tobacco products into Malaysia, would curtail the use of this channel for smuggling, remove the uncertainties related to processes and procedures as well as help address any corruption issues that may exist.

    We believe that implementing the right policies in addressing this problem has to be the focus while enhancing enforcement effectively by deploying the various enforcement assets and powers available to relevant agencies controlling the borders, ports and even retail outlets. This has to be underpinned by a predictable stable tax environment, thus the call by the industry for an excise increase moratorium for the next two years. This will ensure that affordability will continue to improve while allowing time for the MATF initiatives to take hold.

    What should be done in your view to better combat illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia? Is this a problem that can be solved at all?

    Stamping out the black economy in Malaysia requires a real concerted effort that can only be addressed by absolute and resolute enforcement, which is why the setting-up for the MATF under the Ministry of Finance earlier this year was a significant step in the right direction and the reestablishment of the MATF a key action point to pursue by the government. Provided there remains a predictable stable taxation environment, targeted policies that close the loopholes currently being exploited, strong political will and stringent enforcement, there is a real chance to bring the situation under better control.

    What are the consequences for your business in Malaysia, and what is your outlook on opportunities in that market?

    The industry has been forced to make significant adjustments, addressing costs as well as reducing investment to cope with the elevated illegal trade situation. Illegal trading has impacted all parties throughout the legal supply chain.

    Given the severity of the situation on the legitimate tobacco industry, retailers and associated enterprises, we call on the government to redouble its efforts to protect jobs and industry for Malaysia. A moratorium on excise tax would be a good start. Furthermore, there is an opportunity to lessen the load on the legitimate industry cashflows by deferring payment of excise and import duties, allowing for duty payment drawbacks for unsold goods as well as a reduction of import duties on ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations]-sourced products that is currently at 5 percent of cost. Releasing locked cash would ease some financial burden and more importantly would allow the industry to support retailer liquidity as they have been hard hit by the pandemic.

    Malaysia also has a problem with illicit vapes, which reportedly made up 10 percent of the total Malaysian market in 2019. What’s the current situation, especially regarding the MCO during the Covid-19 pandemic?

    The illegal vaping segment continues to grow unabated and accounts for an estimated 10 percent of the market. Nicotine-based vaping products are technically illegal in Malaysia given the provisions under the Poisons Act 1952 requiring any sale and distribution of nicotine-based products to necessitate a license from the Ministry of Health. However, no license has been issued to date.

    The proliferation of vaping products, for which the Ministry of Health has indicated that 90 percent are nicotine-based, has been aided by not only the smuggling of such products that are sold in traditional brick-and-mortar stores [but also by] illegal online sales, most of which are imported and misdeclared as food items. Our position to government has been consistent for an appropriate regulatory framework to be established allowing for the proper introduction of vaping products in the country.

    How is the problem of illicit vapor products also being tackled by the MATF and other stakeholders? How effectively has it been done so far?

    It remains too early to assess given the recent reestablishment of the MATF, but we are hopeful that with proper policies in place and stronger coordinated enforcement, there will be a positive impact on the situation. We estimated that if illegal cigarette trading is reduced by 50 percent, the country would benefit from at least a $500 million increase in tax revenues. The efficiency of the MATF and its constituent agencies should be assessed based on the revenues that it can recover from reducing illegal trade, and we are confident that proper key performance indicators will be put in place toward that end.

    Could you please describe the state of tobacco harm reduction in Malaysia?

    The reduced-risk products segment is still in its infancy in Malaysia. While open tank vaping products have been around for the past several years, albeit illegally, heated-tobacco products have only been introduced in the past two years. Nevertheless, there remains an absence of a proper regulatory and taxation framework that would cover especially nicotine-based vaping products, which adds to the illegal segment in the country.

    Our position has been consistent that a proper regulatory framework needs to be established to allow for the introduction of vaping products in the country. The current situation only allows for an unregulated and illegal industry to flourish.

  • Japan Tobacco to Move Tokyo Headquarters

    Japan Tobacco to Move Tokyo Headquarters

    Photo: Taco Tuinstra
    Japan Tobacco’s new headquarters

    Japan Tobacco (JT) will relocate its headquarters to a new location in Tokyo on Oct. 5.

    The new address is: Kamiyacho Trust Tower, 24-6, Toranomon 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo.

    JT will lease the 26th to 30th floors of the building and occupy 19,253.06 square meters of office space.

    The company has approximately 62,000 employees in more than 130 countries.

  • Japanese Cigarettes Unaffected by Boycott

    Japanese Cigarettes Unaffected by Boycott

    Photo: okaybuild from Pixabay

    Sales of Japanese cigarettes have remained resilient in South Korea despite a consumer boycott against Japanese products, reports The Korea Bizwire.

    The Korea Customs Service reported that South Korea imported 4,220.6 tons of cigarettes from the Philippines between July last year and June of this year, which was merely 2.79 percent lower than the volume of imports during the same period in the previous year.

    Among the top four cigarette companies dominating the South Korean market, Japan Tobacco International (JTI) is the only company with a production plant in the Philippines. All cigarette imports from the Philippines, therefore, are de facto produced by JTI.

    Sales of Japanese cars and beer, by contrast, have declined significantly in Korea because of the boycott, which was sparked by a deepening dispute over the countries’ wartime legacy.

    Experts say tobacco consumers tend to be more brand loyal than users of other products. What’s more JTI’s share in South Korea has been comparatively small, lowering the chance of being affected by the boycott movement.

  • No Baggage

    No Baggage

    Photo: Swedish Match

    Unburdened by the legacy of traditional tobacco products, nicotine pouches are starting to catch on in a variety of markets.

    By George Gay

    Having been asked to look into whether interest in and sales of nicotine pouches have increased in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, I have to own up to failure. In my own defense, however, I would suggest that the consumer buzz around these novel products had been getting louder from well before the onset of the virus and that any additional interest caused by the pandemic would probably have been difficult to discern against that background noise.

    Having said that, I did find some evidence of increased interest in nicotine pouches brought on, at least in part, by the pandemic. Jason Carignan, president of Dryft Sciences, which offers its Dryft brand of nicotine pouches in the U.S., made some interesting observations about the way that nicotine users had been reacting in the face of Covid-19 and how they might respond in the future. “Consumers are responding well to Dryft’s convenience, simplicity and functionality at a time when wearing masks is more prevalent and remaining indoors is required,” he said as part of a statement issued in response to a number of questions posed by TR. “Online subscriptions are increasingly attractive with deliver-by-mail options, and we’re receiving positive feedback about our different flavors and strengths, as well.

    “We are seeing new consumers arrive at Dryft with a desire to choose nicotine without toxins that accompany combustion—yes, that is true. But those consumers are also rethinking how nicotine is viewed in public health circles. They’re seeking fact-based discussion and research. They expect us to be responsive to their feedback. And they want the freedom to responsibly choose from alternatives in a future state that presents completely new nicotine products.”

    The Dryft nicotine pouch has been well-received in the marketplace, according to its manufacturer. (Photo: Dryft Sciences)

    Don’t inhale

    Aside from these remarks, I think there is a robust, common-sense argument to be made for why interest in nicotine pouches might have increased since the start of the pandemic. The initial information made public about Covid-19 concentrated on how the disease attacked the lungs, and so it wouldn’t have been unreasonable for cigarette smokers to have been concerned that their habit might exacerbate the damage done to their health should they contract Covid-19; this might well have led them to cast about for a form of tobacco/nicotine consumption that did not pose the same level of risk as smoking does.

    So where would they have headed? Well, I think that most reasonable people would conclude that vaping is hugely less risky than smoking is, but one of the current stumbling blocks here is that vaping too involves inhalation, albeit that in this case the inhalation avoids the toxic products of pyrolysis consumed in smoking. Add to this the fact that most smokers have been exposed to a cacophony of anti-vaping propaganda put out in many cases by people who should know better, and it is probably the case that smokers would look elsewhere for relief during the Covid-19 pandemic.

    And what better product than a no-burn, no-inhalation one whose low-risk credentials are backed by a comprehensive body of evidence stretching back decades? The problem here, however, is that snus, for all its advantages, comes with baggage acquired over its long history. It is beset by a back catalogue of negative health-risk reports that, while they might have been disproven, continue to weigh it down and hold it back.

    Which brings the smoker to nicotine pouches. These oral products, which contain no tobacco, are new enough not to carry such health-risk baggage and, indeed, it is difficult—but, alas, not impossible—to see where even those with an obsessive interest in stopping people enjoying tobacco or nicotine products could find fault. For instance, Swedish Match’s popular Zyn brand comprises only pharmaceutical-grade nicotine salt along with food-grade ingredients, a type of formulation found in at least some brands made by other manufacturers, according to the company. And whereas the health risk of even food-grade flavors can be brought into question when such flavors are inhaled in smoke or vapor, the consumption of food-grade flavors in nicotine pouches is obviously not open to the same questions.

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    No virgins

    Of course, manufacturers of tobacco/nicotine products can always be accused of adding flavors to attract young people to their products, but a poll by Ipsos Sweden on behalf of Swedish Match seems to indicate that nicotine pouches are adult products, at least in Sweden, to which the poll was confined. According to the results of the poll, 70 percent of nicotine pouch users are between the ages of 26 and 55—or, as a teenager might put it, between old and ancient. Importantly, too, when it comes to gateway issues, the Ipsos poll throws up evidence that nicotine pouches provide a gateway out of traditional tobacco use. While there is a low level of dual cigarette-and-pouch use, there is a high level of previous cigarette use among pouch users. Only 7 percent of nicotine pouch users have never used a nicotine product before taking up pouch use, and most nicotine pouch users consume only pouches while 14 percent use both pouches and snus, and 9 percent use both pouches and cigarettes.

    Dual use often gets bad press, but it can provide an important part in a smoker’s transitioning away from cigarettes or in providing needed relief when she finds herself in a position where she cannot indulge her usual habit. Spokesperson Deborah Perez said that JTI saw its nicotine pouch brand, Nordic Spirit, as responding “to the evolving preferences of adult tobacco and nicotine consumers who are looking for a convenient product that can be used in situations where smoking or vaping is not possible.” And in an email response to TR questions, Imperial Brands, which recently added its nicotine pouch product, ZoneX, to its “asset brands” category, said that it was “assessing opportunities in OND [oral nicotine delivery] as consumers increasingly adopt a multi-category approach to nicotine.”

    To keep up with demand for its Zyn brand, Swedish Match recently expanded its Owensboro, Kentucky, USA, production facility by 16,000 square feet. (Photo: Swedish Match)

    A smaller footprint

    Meanwhile, the Ipsos poll results indicate that 55 percent of pouch users have a university education, and 80 percent are either employed or run their own company. And they also indicated that pouch consumers, who are more likely to live in urban rather than rural areas, consider themselves to be health conscious and believe it is important that the products they buy have only a small impact on the environment.

    Certainly, nicotine pouches seem to be able to lay claim to having a small environmental footprint when compared with other tobacco/nicotine products, and, indeed, some other consumer products. But while their environmental credentials are important, their attraction is also visceral. Perez said that JTI’s pouch brand, Nordic Spirit, provided “a steady, long-lasting nicotine delivery.” Nicotine contents range from 9 mg/g for Nordic Spirit Spearmint Intense to 14 mg/g for Nordic Spirit Elderflower, Nordic Spirit Berry Citrus and Nordic Spirit Smooth Mint and 17mg/g for Nordic Spirit Spearmint Intense Strong.

    In fact, the attraction of nicotine pouches is both visceral and practical. In the U.K. at least, where retail cigarette prices are high, nicotine pouches seem to be well ahead in the price stakes. According to Perez, Nordic Spirit sells there for £6.50 ($8.15) for a pack of 20 whereas, according to U.K. government figures, the average price of a pack of 20 king-size cigarettes is £11.10.

    Given all of the above, it’s not surprising that, just over a year ago in the U.S., Swedish Match went national with Zyn, which it had launched there in 2015; nor that it opened a 16,000-square-foot addition to its production facility in Owensboro, Kentucky, to provide additional capacity to deal with the demand for this brand.

    Perez, meanwhile, was able to report that Nordic Spirit, which was developed in Sweden and launched in 2018, has rapidly grown market share and is now available in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and the U.K. “While the tobacco-free nicotine pouches category is still in its infancy, we expect that many adult tobacco and nicotine consumers globally will be interested in trying the product, helping the new category to grow significantly over the coming years,” she said.

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    But perhaps one of the strongest indications that manufacturers have confidence in the nicotine pouch category came with the announcement by Altria in the middle of May that it had submitted “premarket tobacco product applications to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for 35 On! products on behalf of Helix Innovations, an Altria joint venture responsible for manufacturing and selling On! nicotine pouches globally.”

    “On! products, in seven flavors and five nicotine levels, offer the broadest portfolio of choices in the fast-growing nicotine pouch category for adult tobacco consumers seeking alternatives to traditional tobacco products,” Altria said in its May announcement, which quoted Paige Magness, senior vice president of regulatory affairs for Altria Client Services. “On! nicotine pouches are a key part of our vision to responsibly lead the transition of adult smokers to a noncombustible future,” said Magness. “We believe the supporting science is strong and are committed to working with the agency on these important product submissions.”

    It seems reasonable to assume that no manufacturer, no matter how deep its products, would enter the labyrinthine caves of the FDA’s application processes unless it was confident the products it was submitting for review were almost assured of consumer acceptance and market success—or unless it were accompanied by Theseus, of course.

  • Nicotine: Not Quite the Villain It’s Made out to Be

    Nicotine: Not Quite the Villain It’s Made out to Be

    The scientific evidence is clear that nicotine itself is not responsible for smoking-related diseases.

    By Ian Jones

    If you are as old as me, and happen to come from the U.K., you may recall Nick O’Teen, one of the central characters in an anti-smoking campaign run by the U.K. Health Education Council (HEC) in the early 1980s. With his cigarette-butt-shaped top hat and bright yellow teeth, O’Teen was the campaign’s arch villain and was regularly apprehended by the campaign’s hero, Superman.

    Now, obviously, Nick O’Teen’s name is a play on the word “nicotine,” so it is reasonable to assume that people who saw the campaign in the 1980s concluded that nicotine in cigarettes is the direct cause of smoking-related illnesses. In fact, according to recent surveys, this is still a commonly held belief, not only in the U.K. but in several other surveyed countries. But, given what we know today, does nicotine deserve this reputation or, as Mitch Zeller, director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products, the agency in the USA responsible for overseeing the implementation of tobacco product regulation, has previously asked, is it time for a “rethink within society on nicotine”?

    Let’s start with the basics: What exactly is nicotine, and what does it do?

    Nicotine is a chemical naturally found in tobacco and other related plants, in the same way that caffeine is naturally found in tea. Why does tobacco produce nicotine? Well, the commonly held belief is that nicotine helps protect the tobacco leaves from being eaten by insects and other predators. It does this in two ways.

    First, nicotine has a bitter taste, so it could make the leaves unpalatable to some potential diners. Second, and of more relevance to its namesake Nick O’Teen, nicotine mimics one of the natural chemicals that cells in the nervous system of animals use to communicate with each other. Thus, eating nicotine-containing leaves could impact the normal working of the nervous system (in fact, this could even be fatal to some insects).

    Now, in you and me, the chemical that nicotine mimics, acetylcholine, is found throughout the nervous system and performs a myriad of functions. In the brain specifically, acetylcholine acts a bit like a volume control dial, turning up or turning down signals between brain cells. Which way the dial is turned depends on the brain region and the state of mind at the time.

    This is why nicotine, by mimicking acetylcholine, is said to not only help with attention (volume up) but also relaxation (volume down). It also explains the addictive property of nicotine. In the part of the brain responsible for identifying enjoyable experiences, nicotine can turn the volume up, making the experience of smoking stronger.

    Herein also lies a very important point; the addictive effects of nicotine are usually paired with a particular enjoyable experience. It explains why one of the common tests for tobacco addiction, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, was renamed to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence; addiction to smoking is not solely due to the addictive nature of nicotine alone, but is a result of the interplay between nicotine, acting as volume up, and a series of sensory and other cues (smell, taste, ritual, etc.).

    But hold on a minute; doesn’t nicotine cause cancer and other diseases associated with smoking?

    This is one of the main misunderstandings about nicotine and the answer is simple—no. The scientific evidence is clear that nicotine itself is not responsible for smoking-related diseases. These are caused by other things in smoke, particularly chemicals formed when tobacco is burnt. Remember, tobacco-derived nicotine is an approved medicine and is even available without prescription in many countries.

    This would not be the case if there were serious health risks associated with its use. Furthermore, the use of tobacco products that are not burned during use, such as Scandinavian snus—a tobacco product that is placed under the consumer’s lip—is associated with much lower risks of developing cancer compared to smoking, even though the product also delivers nicotine to the user. The FDA in the U.S. recently acknowledged this by approving modified-risk claims for certain snus products.

    This is not to say, though, that nicotine is risk free. As mentioned above, it is addictive and can reinforce addiction to certain pleasurable behaviors. By mimicking acetylcholine, it can also affect certain biological processes such as the development of new blood vessels. There are also concerns about the potential effects of nicotine exposure in developing brains, an area that certainly deserves more research focus (as well as effective practical measures to prevent minors from accessing nicotine-containing products).

    OK, so the science to date noes not support the notion that nicotine causes cancer, but what about nicotine salts? I hear they are even worse than nicotine.

    I would contend that this is another misunderstanding, this time in part due to a lack of clear explanation by manufacturers as to what nicotine salts are when they first came onto the market. The key point to remember is that nicotine is nicotine, whether in salt form, nonsalt form (“nicotine base”), naturally derived or synthetic. Nicotine salts are simply nicotine attached to something else, in the same way that cooking salt is sodium attached to chloride (i.e. sodium chloride).

    Whether nicotine attaches to something else is simply down to how acidic the environment is. In acidic environments (e.g. an acidic e-liquid), nicotine is in salt form. At the other end of the scale, in alkaline environments, it is in base form (not attached to anything). In the middle (neutral pH), as in our bodies, nicotine is in a mixture of salt and base forms. An interesting aside is that nicotine salts are therefore not a new discovery; historically, e-liquids have been around neutral pH, so they have in fact always contained some nicotine salts.

    In any case, the fact that our bodies like to maintain a “just so” neutral pH means that, from a biological point of view, the form of the nicotine in the liquid does not really matter much as it will conform to a salt/base mix as soon as it comes in contact with the body. What nicotine salts (and acidic e-liquids in general) do is provide a different sensory experience, especially at higher nicotine levels, which some consumers may prefer.

    So, back to Nick O’Teen. Does he deserve his reputation? In my opinion, he was an arch villain of his time. As we’ve gained more understanding over the intervening years about the effects of nicotine in the body, I think we can indeed rethink the role of nicotine in society, just as Mitch Zeller suggests. Nicotine is not risk free and is certainly not something that minors should ever consume given concerns about the impact on the developing brain. 

    Likewise, there are other susceptible groups of people, such as pregnant women, that either should not use nicotine-containing products or, at a minimum, seek medical advice before deciding whether to do so. For most adults, however, nicotine deserves acceptance of its new non-villainous persona as a cause of tobacco-related illness, and to be seen as an adult lifestyle choice, the same as many other adult consumer products.