Track and Trace - Tobacco Reporter

PMI India Pushing T&T to Curb Illicit Trade

Philip Morris International Inc.’s India affiliate, IPM India, today hailed India’s decision to roll out pack-level Track and Trace (T&T) as a game-changing move against illicit tobacco trade and a major step toward modernizing regulatory enforcement. Approved under Section 148A of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, this is a move to protect revenue, tighten enforcement, and bring greater transparency and accountability to India’s tobacco market. Starting with cigarette packs, the government has chosen a high-impact strategy to curb illicit tobacco trade. The proposed mechanism may incorporate Unique Identification Markings on packs, which will enable enforcement agencies to easily distinguish tax-paid products from illegal ones—strengthening oversight across retail shelves, supply chains, and field operations. The proposed T&T mechanism will be a practical, real-world solution designed for immediate impact—and a critical foundation for a more modern, technology-driven regulatory system.

Similar systems have been successfully deployed in UK, Russia, Jordan, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), where PMI has worked with national authorities to build scalable, locally adapted traceability frameworks. Across all markets, the outcome have been consistent: better visibility, stronger compliance, and measurable reductions in illicit trade.

“This is a landmark reform and a visionary step towards a cleaner, more modern, and a transparent market,” Navaneel Kar, Managing Director, IPM India said. “With thoughtful execution, India’s T&T system can reshape the fight against illicit tobacco trade—boosting public trust, strengthening government revenues, and accelerating the modernization of enforcement practices. Eliminating illicit tobacco trade has been a longstanding priority for us and remains integral to our broader efforts in driving operational excellence and building a sustainable future. PMI has long invested in technologies that protect supply chain integrity globally, and we are committed to partnering with the Indian government to make this initiative a success.”

May 22, 2025

Tracking Legislation Advances in Philippines

The Philippines’ House ways and means committee on July 23 approved legislation to enhance the tracking of tobacco products through the supply chain, reports Business World.

Under the measure, tobacco companies will be required to implement a digital tracking system on cigarette products to help prevent illicit trade.

Tobacco duty avoidance has caused the government to “lose” around PHP220 billion in revenue over the past four years, according to Representative Jose Ma. Clemente S. Salceda, who heads the House ways and means committee.

The legislation would require manufacturers to fix stamps to cigarette packs, vapes and related products, allowing authorities to determine where and when the product was manufactured.

“We would see where [the cigarette] came from because the tracking system allows us to trace it,” Salceda was quoted as saying. “We will see who brought it here and who sold it, all because of the tracking system.”

The approved legislation also requires tobacco manufacturers and importers to register their products and equipment.

July 24, 2024

Free Tracking for Small Cigar Shipments

Ecomo Impex is making its track-and-track system available, free of charge, to companies shipping up to 100 boxes of cigar products per year.

In May 2024, the European Union extended the scope of its Tobacco Product Directive to include tobacco products like cigars, cigarillos, pipe tobacco and smokeless tobacco products. Among other things, this implies that every producer, importer and retailer must comply with the labelling and tracking requirements of tobacco products sold within the EU.

“As track and trace becomes obligatory across the EU on May 20, 2024, small operators encounter technical hurdles and increased operational costs and we understand the challenge this means”, said Ecomo Impex Founder and Managing Director Hung Ma.

“We already have this system set up and would like to open it to all smaller-scale businesses, allowing them to enter the EU market with confidence and without fear of regulatory issues. Our commitment supports smaller-scale businesses, ensuring a wider variety of products available in the European market. If the quantity shipped exceeds over 100 boxes per year, we will charge our regular track-and-trace service fees,” added Hung Ma.

Ecomo Impex offers centralized coverage across the EU as well as overall assistance in import processes, product labelling, sales, distribution via EMCS, and brand building making it possible to tailor to the specific needs of any producer, brand owner or operator.

For details and registration visit www.trackandtraceforfree.com.

June 13, 2024

Huella Introduces TobacTrack

Huella has introduced TobacTrack, a compliance platform leveraging RFID and block chain technology to streamline regulatory oversight for the U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) and ensure adherence to the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

The TobacTrack platform assigns a Unique ID to each tobacco product, providing details such as the product’s TTB tobacco class, excise tax classification, FDA compliance status, and manufacturing code. This enables precise tracking and verification at every supply chain stage.

TobacTrack features a tailored user interface for industry stakeholders, such as factories, importers/brokers, wholesalers/distributors and regulatory agencies.

In addition to aiding TTB and FDA compliance, the TobacTrack platform can help tobacco producers meet the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act and related state tobacco product reporting requirements.

By automating and simplifying the reporting processes, the system enables companies to efficiently comply with federal and state-level regulations concerning the tracking and reporting of tobacco sales. This capability also empowers state authorities to conduct audits and ensure adherence to the PACT Act with greater ease and accuracy.

The TobacTrack RFID technology enhances operational efficiency by minimizing manual errors and reducing administrative costs. The platform provides instant access to a tobacco product’s tax and compliance status, thereby optimizing the effectiveness of regulatory efforts by state and federal agencies, including the TTB, FDA, and state tobacco tax and compliance regulators.

This enhanced efficiency substantially reduces the need for extensive field and factory audits.

For more information about TobacTrack, please visit www.tobactrack.com.

June 13, 2024

Russian Resolve

A supplier of product labeling solutions claims its technology had helped shrink the Russian illicit cigarette market by a quarter.

By Marissa Dean

The black market and illicit trade are hot topics. Confronted with ever-rising taxes, consumers of tobacco products in many markets are increasingly tempted by more affordable black market offerings. Many places are adjusting and implementing technologies and processes to help curb black market trade. Russia is one of these areas, having recently been listed by the World Health Organization among the countries with policies providing the highest level of protection for its citizens from tobacco.

During a side event at the third Meeting of the Parties (MOP3) to the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, officials gave a presentation on Russia’s Chestny ZNAK track-and-trace system. The event, which took place on Feb. 13 in Panama, was aimed at familiarizing the parties “with proven approaches to ensuring traceability of tobacco products in accordance with Article 8 of the protocol,” according to Revaz Yusupov, deputy general director for the Center for Research in Perspective Technologies (CRPT) in Moscow. “Special attention during the presentations was given to the impact of the system on reducing the illicit tobacco trade in Russia. Representatives from Nigeria, Brazil and Panama were present at the event, facilitating discussions on the potential implementation of the system in their respective countries.”

Introduced by the CRPT in 2019, the Chestny ZNAK system tracks items from production to real-time sales. According to Yusupov, the system is the first of its kind globally. “The fundamental approach involves assigning a unique digital data matrix code to each product,” explained Yusupov. “This code undergoes scanning at every stage, spanning from production to sale. The entire product journey is traced through electronic document management and online cash registers, mandated by law across the country.”

Products with the assigned digital codes are deemed legal, complying with all requisites and documentation. Attempting to illegally introduce goods into the Russian market without proper documentation and labeling is “impractical,” according to the CRPT, because of the success of the Chestny ZNAK system—the digital codes are safeguarded by cryptographic protection, which makes forgery impossible.

The information about the products within the system is tamper-proof as well, according to the CRPT, and the system blocks the sale of expired goods or goods lacking proper documentation. Currently, 667,000 companies and individual entrepreneurs use the system, which boasts a processing capacity exceeding 350,000 operations per second (“surpassing that of Uber or Netflix,” said Yusupov) and a data volume of nearly 100 petabytes.

The Chestny ZNAK system isn’t specifically for tobacco products, though it has been successful in curbing the illicit tobacco market. The system can be used across goods, and it has been implemented in 16 categories of goods, including dairy products, water, clothing, footwear, perfumes, tobacco, medicines, beer and low-alcohol beverages, biologically active additives, antiseptics, medical products, soft drinks and juices, wheelchairs and children’s water, according to the CRPT. When asked about how the system works across goods, Yusupov stated that “The implementation process kicks off with pilot tests for each product category. While participation is not mandatory, it is in the business’ interest as it provides an opportunity to prepare equipment and practice with free Data Matrix codes. Workgroups are formed, comprising representatives from both the business sector and the system operator. Collaboratively, they develop a labeling concept that aligns with the unique requirements of each area within the circulation of goods.”

And the system has been quite successful, according to its manufacturer. “Before the introduction of labeling,” said Yusupov, “the illegal tobacco market in Russia consistently grew, surpassing 15.6 percent by 2019. Following the implementation of labeling, it decreased by a quarter, with 18 productions legalized and 45 illegal ones shut down. Authorities claim that the combined impact of cracking down on illegal trade resulted in RUB245 billion ($2.7 billion) in increased tax revenues.”

By the end of 2025, it’s estimated that the overall economic impact will reach RUB1.6 trillion ($17.6 billion).

In addition to the Chestny ZNAK system, Russia has also enacted a law to systematize control over the circulation of tobacco raw materials and equipment through the licensing institute along with the establishment of an authorized government body for supervision. This government body has instituted a system for registration of equipment. Requirements have also been introduced for tracking the volume of production and circulation of tobacco products and raw materials and for the seizure and destruction of illegal tobacco products and the associated manufacturing equipment, and customs and border authorities have been granted additional powers in regard to illicit trade. Administrative and criminal liability are enforced for a broad range of violations related to mandatory product labeling requirements, including smuggling, production, introduction into circulation and transportation of unmarked goods. There are also quantitative restrictions on the movement of individuals within the territory of the Russian Federation with unmarked tobacco and nicotine-containing products. All of these reforms in combination with the Chestny ZNAK system have led to Russia’s success in curbing illicit trade, according to the CRPT.

Marissa Dean joined Tobacco Reporter in the summer of 2018 as a copy editor. Since that time, she has taken on additional responsibilities, including feature writing. Her skills span the publishing industry from layout and design to copy editing to content creation.

April 1, 2024

Versatile Verification

German software supplier Fluxcode has developed a track-and-trace solution for all needs.

By Stefanie Rossel

The illicit cigarette trade has reached a disturbing level: According to Euromonitor International, it accounted for just under 12 percent of global cigarette sales, excluding China, in 2022. Driven by higher taxes and consumers’ greater price sensitivity, it is expected to increase to just below 14 percent by 2027. The World Bank estimates that illicit tobacco trade causes tax collectors to miss out on $40 billion to $50 billion in revenues per year. Authorities have also identified it as a primary source of revenue for organized crime and terrorism.

Among the strategies aimed at combatting the problem are track-and-trace (T&T) protocols. Using serialization technology, these systems monitor the manufacturing and distribution of tobacco products.

The governing body of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) adopted the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade of Tobacco Products in 2012. Having entered into force in 2018, the treaty mandated the creation of a global tracking and tracing regime within five years to closely control and monitor the legal supply chain of tobacco products.

By September 2023, all 68 parties to the protocol had to have their T&T systems deployed. The required global information exchange mechanism, however, had not been established at that time, and the deadline for implementation is likely to be postponed further as such a global system requires international standards and guaranteed interoperability, and solutions to technical and regulatory challenges. The current generation of T&T systems hence remains limited to national or regional jurisdictions.

In the EU, which was the first to officially introduce a track-and-trace system, T&T has been mandatory for cigarettes and fine-cut tobacco under the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD2) since May 2019. As of May this year, other tobacco products such as pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco or nasal snuff must also be tracked and traced.

The process requires a highly developed IT infrastructure, as the example of the EU experience has demonstrated. The system mandates that each tobacco package carry a unique identifier (UI) code that has to be requested by European manufacturers or importers of tobacco products for each individual pack from an independent organization appointed by EU member state authorities.

The UI code must be scanned and recorded all along the distribution chain and transmitted to both the manufacturer’s and the EU database, thus enabling authorities to trace and authenticate tobacco products. Manufacturers and importers must install and integrate a database, a so-called primary repository, to store all data related to each individual package. This information is copied into a secondary repository that is operated by another independent third party appointed by the European Commission.

Outside the tobacco sector, T&T has long been used by many other highly regulated industries. The scope of functions offered by T&T solution providers is generally quite similar, according to Mitja Carstensen, managing director of Fluxcode. Unlike other companies in this field, however, his Lubeck, Germany-based business has more than 30 years of experience in the tobacco industry. “We are acquainted with many of the problems or pitfalls of technology a tobacco company may encounter when implementing and conducting track and trace and can support them in advance with our experience,” says Carstensen. “In addition, we always keep production staff in mind when developing the software—it must be easy and intuitive to use for all users and work reliably. We are very close to our customers during the entire implementation process and also help with marginal issues, such as the registration for ID Issuers or the optimization of processes.”

Industry Independent

Carstensen founded Fluxcode together with his former colleague, Rene Petton. The two met when they were working as software developers at the IT department of a medium-sized German tobacco products manufacturer.

“In general, we always tried to develop all production-relevant software for our former employer ourselves, particularly because a medium-sized enterprise can’t be handled according to the book and because history has shown that there are various special cases for which standard solutions would have become difficult,” Carstensen explains.

At that time, in 2016, the only T&T solution available for tobacco products was Codentify, a system developed by Philip Morris International and licensed to BAT, Imperial Tobacco Group and Japan Tobacco International. Today the product is marketed by Inexto. “There were no other providers,” says Carstensen. “Since the Codentify solution would also have been very cost intensive, we decided to develop the required software ourselves. With a project scope like TPD2, this was of course a complex endeavor. After we had completed our software solution and it became known within the tobacco industry that we had a functioning alternative to Codentify, we were approached by several smaller and mid-sized companies who acquired the solution we had then, which was called Red Carpet.”

As T&T gained importance, Carstensen and Petton decided to take their software to a broader, more professional level, and in 2020, they established Fluxcode. The Red Carpet software was resigned to history. In its place, Carstensen and his team developed a completely new solution in such a way that it can also be used to track products in other sectors. The company is already negotiating with manufacturers of drinks and tires.

Fluxcode developed the Fluxcode Suite, which is independent from the tobacco industry and divided into five core modules—one for ordering and downloading of the UI, one to create a globally unique identifier with included additional customer information, one to provide the correct UI to the production line printers, one to connect to the aggregation system and one for sending previously elaborately processed data to a repository. Modules can be purchased individually, depending on the requirements of the customer. Security against piracy is provided by encryption of the most important Fluxcode Suite codes, which users can only access by deploying a license key to unlock them.

Fluxcode also provides storage for the considerable amount of data generated, says Carstensen. “Many of our competitors rely on cloud hosting of the database. This means that the track-and- trace data of a manufacturer are being stored on the server of a service provider, to which the manufacturer himself potentially has no access. He will be able to retrieve a part of the data through various sighting processes but won’t have administrative sovereignty over the data. We don’t think that this is very practicable, as from our point of view, the data belong to the customer.”

Therefore, Fluxcode offers data storage on the manufacturer’s server. “This goes down well with our customers,” says Carstensen. “We have optimized the amount of data so that a small enterprise can produce several years with our software, and its data storage will remain in the low double-digit gigabyte zone.”

The company supplies only the software part of the track-and-trace system, but it has long-term partners from the respective hardware areas, including aggregation systems, printer manufacturers or external repositories. “At the request of the customer, there is also the option that one party acts as the general contractor,” says Carstensen. “This way, the customer has only one contact person and one contracting party without having to negotiate with each provider individually.”

Flexibility is Key

Fluxcode’s solution has been designed to be flexible so that a small manufacturer of handmade cigars can use it just as well as a multinational company, says Carstensen. Most of the company’s clients are medium-sized companies with between five and 50 production lines. They are highly diverse, ranging from cigarette and roll-your-own manufacturers to moist snuff, cigar and cigarillo makers. With T&T becoming mandatory for other tobacco products in the EU starting this May, the company has witnessed increased demand for its offerings. “Many companies, especially smaller ones, are very insecure and have no concrete idea what this obligation will mean for them,” says Carstensen. “Apart from software, this requires a lot of educational work.”

Despite its complexity, Fluxcode is easy to use and stable, according to Carstensen. “Principally, there are very few cases where support is needed since our software enables the customer to solve many issues himself with a simple click. Besides, it runs reliably and provides the user with information before a potential data error occurs.”

Should support be required, response times are low compared to other companies, stresses Carstensen. “In most cases, issues can be solved within hours.”

Currently, the majority of Fluxcode’s customers have their manufacturing sites inside the EU, but the company is in advanced talks with clients in Asia and South America. The system is highly compatible with the various T&T requirements of individual regions, according to Fluxcode. Differences can be found not only in international tobacco markets but even within the EU. “Registration with an EU ID issuer is not standardized, hence each country has its own system and interface for this,” says Carstensen. “Registration can be more or less demanding—in Italy, for example, the process takes several weeks. In other countries, registration takes place with a few mouse clicks.”

Production outside the EU may require other parameters, such as the obligation to print two codes on the packaging. The different product categories also present different challenges. “Cigarettes have a faster production speed than cigars or shisha tobacco, hence there is more motion along the entire production line,” says Carstensen. “This can cause print images to blur or smudge. This requires precise interaction of speed adjustment, production line design and print control. Cigars, on the [other] hand, will have to be printed and labeled individually. If sold in wooden boxes and stored, they require a label that will stick to the box for years and a code that will still be legible [after that time].”

With a majority of countries committed to tracking and tracing tobacco products in accordance with FCTC requirements but only a few having introduced T&T products yet, Carstensen sees vast potential for his solution. “Tobacco products are only the beginning. In Russia alone, several sectors are required to track and trace, such as milk, baby food or alcohol. Here, new markets will emerge in the future.”

Stefanie Rossel is Tobacco Reporter’s editorial contributor. An experienced trade journalist, she combines sharp reporting skills with in-depth knowledge of the tobacco and vapor industries. Prior to joining Tobacco Reporter, Stefanie was editor-in-chief at Tobacco Journal International, where she worked for a decade. Fluent in English, German and French, Stefanie covers tobacco news around the world. She is based in Germany.

March 1, 2024

Russia Tackles Illicits

Russia’s national digital track-and-trace system, Chestny ZNAK, has achieved a 25 percent reduction in illegal tobacco within a year of implementation, according to the Center for Research and Perspective Technologies in Moscow. Furthermore, it contributed to the legalization of 18 tobacco production and the dismantlement of 45 illegal ones.

Russia’s accomplishments were recognized during the 10^th Conference of the Parties (COP10) to the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Panama City this week.

Chestny ZNAK tracks each cigarette pack in real-time, from the point of production to final consumption. The technology relies on digital data matrix codes assigned to each pack. This code contains information including production point, date, expiration and licensing documents. The information is updated at every stage of the product’s lifecycle until final sale. Illegal products are flagged by cash registers in stores, making them impossible to sell.

To empower citizens and enhance transparency, a sophisticated mobile application has been introduced. This application allows users to verify the legality of various products, including tobacco and 16 other categories such as pharmaceuticals, dairy, footwear and photographic equipment.

The system has also helped other sectors protect their businesses against brand piracy, contributing to a 12-fold decrease in substandard dairy products, a 20 percent reduction in the illegal perfume trade, and a more than a two-fold decrease in the illicit tire market, among other advances.

Authorities estimate the tax impact of the system to be nearly RUB500 billion ($5.5 billion) and expect this figure to at least triple by 2025.

February 9, 2024

Track-and-Trace Honored in the Breach

Only two out of the more than 40 cigarette manufacturers in Pakistan have properly implemented the country’s track-and-trace system, according to British American Tobacco, reports The Nation.

Speaking during a media briefing organized by the Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) in Islamabad, BAT’s area head of legal and external affairs for the Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa regions, Mona Iskandarani, stressed the importance of timely implementation and enforcement of the track-and-trace system.

“We acknowledge the recent enforcement initiatives undertaken by the Federal Board of Revenue in Pakistan but we need sustained enforcement efforts across the supply chain to curb the menace of illicit cigarette trade in Pakistan,” said Iskandarani.

PTC’s legal and external affairs director, Asad Shah, pointed out that while track-and-trace systems have been implemented in various countries, the system does not offer a silver bullet. Rather, it serves as a tool to facilitate law enforcement agencies to carry out raids and seizures of tax evaded products, he said.

Despite a lapse of 15 months since the implementation deadline, only two out of over 40 cigarette manufacturers have implemented the track-and-trace in true letter and spirit, Shah lamented. Instead of declining, tax evasion has grown in the tobacco sector since the system became mandatory, he said.

The share of illicit cigarette sales is projected to grow from 37 percent of the market in fiscal 2021-2022 to approximately 63 percent by the end of fiscal 2023-2024, potentially causing the government lose PKR310 billion ($1.08 billion) in tax revenues in fiscal 2023-2024.

November 8, 2023

Firms Shun Track-And-Trace System

More tobacco companies must install Pakistan’s new track-and-trace system to tackle the country’s massive tax evasion problem, according to Project Director Tariq Hussain Shaikh.

Out of the 40-plus companies registered with the Pakistan Tobacco Board, only three—Philip Morris Pakistan, Pakistan Tobacco Co. and Khyber Tobacco—have installed the track-and-trace system that became operational on July 1, reports the Business Recorder.

According to Shaikh, the system has significantly boosted government tax collections in other sectors. In the sugar industry, for example, sales tax collections increased by 34 percent after its implementation at the end of 2021.

Success, however, depends on across-the-board implementation, Shaikh cautioned. Unless more tobacco companies adopt it, the track-and-trace system will not reduce tax evasion, which in Pakistan amounts to PKR80 billion ($335.74 million) per year.

In a letter dated June 30, 2022, Pakistan’s Federal Board of Revenue directed all cigarette manufacturers to apply tax stamps to their products from July 1, 2022. Nine tobacco companies have challenged the directive on technical grounds.

July 28, 2022

Pakistan Mandates Tobacco Track-and-Trace System

Several tobacco companies are challenging Pakistan’s Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) in court, seeking relief from the country’s new track-and-trace system, according to reports in The International News and Dawn.

Starting this month, all tobacco companies operating in Pakistan must implement the country’s track-and-trace system. Tobacco products may enter the domestic market only if they carry stamps and unique identification markers.

To date, only three tobacco manufacturers—Pakistan Tobacco Co., Philip Morris International and Khyber Tobacco Co. (KTC)—have installed the track-and-trace system and made it operational. KTC Chief Technology Officer Shahid Sattar said the system would help the company enhance its presence in the Pakistani market and improve the quality of its products to international standards.

The companies challenging the FBR want to continue selling old stock. The agency instructed them to discontinue such sales on June 30.

The tobacco companies that are already operating the system maintain that it will succeed only if all players implement it. According to critics, the companies challenging the FBR instructions engage in illicit trade and fear the track-and-trace system will expose their illegal activities.

In addition to the multinationals, there are at least 21 tobacco companies operating in Pakistan, including 18 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and three in the country’s federally and provincially administrated tribal areas.

Out of the PKR134 billion ($645.47 million) in taxes collected from the tobacco industry in 2020, PKR131 was paid by two companies, which together held a 65 percent market share.

July 8, 2022

Tag: Track and Trace

A supplier of product labeling solutions claims its technology had helped shrink the Russian illicit cigarette market by a quarter.

German software supplier Fluxcode has developed a track-and-trace solution for all needs.

Industry Independent

Flexibility is Key