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Category: Illicit Trade

  • Illicits to Surpass Half of Pakistan’s Market

    Illicits to Surpass Half of Pakistan’s Market

    Photo: Taco Tuinstra

    The share of illicit products on Pakistan’s tobacco market is expected to reach 56 percent by the end of 2024, reports Ary News.

    According to a recent Ipsos survey, more than 165 brands of cigarettes are being sold in the country without tax stamps, depriving the government of PKR 300 billion in annual tax revenue.

    In addition, 104 cigarette brands are being sold below the minimum price.

    The shift toward duty-free and smuggled cigarette brands is facilitated by the availability of larger pack sizes and exacerbates the issue of tax evasion, according to the publication.

    Stakeholders have been calling for stricter enforcement of existing regulations, enhanced enforcement and new tax policies.

  • Congress Asked to Pass Economic Sabotage Act

    Congress Asked to Pass Economic Sabotage Act

    Photo: Mykhailo Polenok – Dreamstime.com

    Tobacco farmers in the Philippines are urging Congress to pass the Anti-Agricultural Economic Sabotage Act to counter smuggling, reports The Manilla Times.

    The Philippine Tobacco Growers Association (PTGA) and the National Federation of Tobacco Farmers Association and Cooperatives on May 2 called for Congress to already convene a Bicameral Conference Committee before July.

    PTGA President Saturnino Distor emphasized the urgent necessity of passing the bill due to widespread smuggling, which not only affects the agricultural sector but also threatens local farmers and their dependents.

    The proposed legislation categorizes the smuggling of agricultural products, including tobacco, as “economic sabotage,” which carries a penalty of life imprisonment.

    Additionally, perpetrators will face fines that are triple the value of the smuggled products.

    More than 2.2 million Filipinos depend on tobacco for their livelihoods, including more than 430,000 farmers, farmworkers and their family members, according to data from the National Tobacco Administration.

    The tobacco farmers said the Philippine government loses about PHP200 billion ($3.5 billion) in revenue annually due to smuggling, with PHP30 billion attributed to smuggled cigarettes alone.

  • ‘Quebec Lobby Groups Blind to Illicit Trade’

    ‘Quebec Lobby Groups Blind to Illicit Trade’

    Photo: Thorsten

    Imperial Tobacco Canada is taking anti-tobacco groups to task for their silence about the boom in illicit sales following Quebec’s ban on flavored e-cigarettes.

    “You cannot claim ‘Mission Accomplished’ by simply passing regulations,” said Eric Gagnon, vice president of corporate and regulatory affairs for Imperial Tobacco Canada, in a statement. “The regulations must work. And these ones don’t. Flavored vapor products are still being sold in Quebec. The problem is that they are now being sold illegally.”

    Quebec banned flavored vapes Oct. 31, 2023, following years of pressure by anti-tobacco groups. According to Imperial Tobacco Cananda, the same groups refuse to acknowledge that there is a problem with the regulations and will not call on the government to fully enforce the regulations.

    “It’s time that the Coalition Quebecoise pour le controle du tabac and other so-called health groups acknowledge that there is a problem with the regulations and push to fix it,” Gagnon said. “If the real objective of the regulations was to ban flavors, where are these health groups now that flavored vapor products are being sold illegally?”

    Imperial Tobacco Canada noted that some of the lobby groups have ties to the provincial government and receive funding from them.

    “It is time for the public to see the real intentions behind these anti-tobacco lobby groups,” said Gagnon. “They hide behind the virtue of public health, but their recent silence demonstrates that their only real objective is going after tobacco companies, even if this means pushing consumers to illegal products.”

    “It is astonishing to see that Quebec’s anti-tobacco lobbyists prefer turning a blind eye to illegal flavored vaping products rather than recognizing that this is a failed policy and working with us to demand concrete enforcement measures to Minister Dube,” said Gagnon. “This says a lot about the real intention behind the individuals leading these organizations.”

  • U.S. Marshals Seize Unauthorized Vapes

    U.S. Marshals Seize Unauthorized Vapes

    Photo: APchanel

    The U.S. Marshals Service seized more than 45,000 unauthorized e-cigarette products valued at more than $700,000 in California. The seized products were mostly flavored, disposable e-cigarette products, including brands such as Puff Bar/Puff, Elf Bar/EB Design, Esco Bar, Kuz, Smok and Pixi.

    “FDA has been unequivocally clear that we are committed to using the full scope of our enforcement tools—including seizures—to hold those who peddle unauthorized e-cigarettes accountable,” said Brian King, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, in a statement. “The writing is on the wall for those in the tobacco product supply chain who fail to heed the law.”

    This action represents the first time the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Justice (DOJ) have seized tobacco products in coordination with the U.S. Marshals Service.

    The seizure initially targeted products being held and sold by MDM Group, a distributor doing business as Eliquidstop.com. FDA issued a warning letter to MDM Group in May 2023, for offering unauthorized, flavored e-cigarette products for sale or distribution. In January 2024, FDA conducted a follow-up inspection of the firm and determined that it continued to commercially market its illegal products. While conducting the seizure at MDM’s facility, the agencies were informed that several firms may have an ownership interest in the unauthorized e-cigarettes seized.

    As of April 2024, the FDA had issued approximately 670 warning letters to firms for manufacturing and/or distributing illegal e-cigarette products and issued more than 550 warning letters to retailers for the sale of unauthorized e-cigarettes. The agency has also filed civil money penalty complaints against more than 50 e-cigarette manufacturers and more than 100 retailers for manufacture and/or sale of unauthorized new tobacco products, as well as complaints for permanent injunction against seven e-cigarette manufacturers.

  • PMI Urges Action Against Illicit Trade

    PMI Urges Action Against Illicit Trade

    Photo: alexlmx

    Philip Morris Pakistan Limited (PMPKL) has urged action against the growing presence of tax-avoiding products on the country’s tobacco market, reports  The Express Tribune

    In a media briefing, PMPKL Head of Communications Andleeb Uroos Ahmed said the company’s income had plunged by 86 percent in 2023. He attributed the decline to last year’s hike in Federal Excise Duty (FED), which doubled cigarette prices, and the subsequent escalation in market share of illicit products.

    This condition has provided an ample opportunity for numerous local illicit cigarette manufacturers, notably in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Jammu & Kashmir, to amass substantial market share while contributing minimally to national revenue, according to critics of the tax hike.

    Illicit cigarettes now command a 63 percent market share, causing the exchequer to miss out on  PKR310 billion ($1.11 billion) in tax collections annually.

    While acknowledging government efforts such as the introduction of tax stamps, Ahmed expressed concern about lax enforcement.

    Stressing the interests of tax-paying companies and government’s need for sustainable revenue, she suggested including tax-evading cigarette manufacturers in the tax net instead of burdening the legitimate industry with additional taxes.

    By curtailing tax evasion, she calculated, the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) can potentially boost revenue collection from the tobacco sector by more than $2 billion.

    “The potential revenue, if realized, could significantly contribute to human development projects and public health initiatives in Pakistan, addressing critical areas where the country lags in human development rankings,” she added.

    She said that anti-tobacco organizations have been misguiding the government by spreading misinformation about the revenue collection potential from the legitimate tobacco industry.

  • SATTA Urges Action Against Illicit Trade

    SATTA Urges Action Against Illicit Trade

    Photo: Tobacco Reporter archive

    The South African Tobacco Transformation Alliance (SATTA) has called for stronger action against the smuggle, manufacture and sales illicit products.

    Last year, South Africans smoked 37 billion cigarettes, but the South African Revenue Service (SARS) taxed only 13 billion. “Illicit tobacco is “the biggest fight we face now,” said Edward Kieswetter, SARS commissioner.

    “Government should allocate more resources to Sars to pursue these complex crimes,” said SATTA spokesperson Zachariah Motsumi in a statement. “As the commissioner pointed out, illicit tobacco products account for 60 percent to 70 percent of cigarette sales and causes tremendous damage to the fiscus.”

    The national fiscus is not the only area affected by the illicit trade. “Cigarette producers like BATSA has to retrench tobacco factory workers and about 500 jobs are currently at risk in third-party logistics companies that transport their products,” said Motsumi. BATSA has already cut 584 jobs due to a 40 percent decrease in [legal] cigarette sales from 2020.

    “People are not smoking less—it is the sale of legal cigarettes that decreased,” said Motsumi. “The net effect of this is twofold: It has devastated tax collection and decimated the legal tobacco sector.”

  • Contraband Crackdown to Boost Russian Budget

    Contraband Crackdown to Boost Russian Budget

    Photo: Sabphoto

    Recent measures to strengthen control over the tobacco market could significantly boost Russia’s budget, reports Interfax, citing comments by Finance Minister Anton Siluanov.

    “Together, we estimated that the volume of funds mobilized from measures to control the tobacco market could reach about 150 billion rubles [$1.64 billion]. This is a significant amount of a resource that we now need,” Siluanov said at an April 2 meeting of Rosalkogoltabakkontrol, which assumed regulatory authority over the production and circulation of  tobacco and nicotine-containing products on March 1.

    Tax-avoiding products accounted for 13 percent of Russia’s tobacco market in 2023, up from 11 percent in 2021, according to Siluanov.

    Rosstat data show that tobacco companies produced 198 billion cigarettes in 2023, which is 10.7 percent less than the previous year. In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, some multinationals have exited the market.

    Tax authorities expect to collect RUB824.152 billion in excise taxes from tobacco products this year.

    As part of its new responsibilities, Rosalkogoltabakcontrol must identify and stop the illegal production and trafficking of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. In addition, it will monitor manufacturer compliance with licensing and mandatory requirements for production, supply and the purchase and transportation of raw materials and finished products.

  • Russian Resolve

    Russian Resolve

    The Chestny ZNAK system tracks items from production to real-time sales. | Photo: CRPT

    A supplier of product labeling solutions claims its technology had helped shrink the Russian illicit cigarette market by a quarter.

    By Marissa Dean

    The black market and illicit trade are hot topics. Confronted with ever-rising taxes, consumers of tobacco products in many markets are increasingly tempted by more affordable black market offerings. Many places are adjusting and implementing technologies and processes to help curb black market trade. Russia is one of these areas, having recently been listed by the World Health Organization among the countries with policies providing the highest level of protection for its citizens from tobacco.

    During a side event at the third Meeting of the Parties (MOP3) to the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, officials gave a presentation on Russia’s Chestny ZNAK track-and-trace system. The event, which took place on Feb. 13 in Panama, was aimed at familiarizing the parties “with proven approaches to ensuring traceability of tobacco products in accordance with Article 8 of the protocol,” according to Revaz Yusupov, deputy general director for the Center for Research in Perspective Technologies (CRPT) in Moscow. “Special attention during the presentations was given to the impact of the system on reducing the illicit tobacco trade in Russia. Representatives from Nigeria, Brazil and Panama were present at the event, facilitating discussions on the potential implementation of the system in their respective countries.”

    Introduced by the CRPT in 2019, the Chestny ZNAK system tracks items from production to real-time sales. According to Yusupov, the system is the first of its kind globally. “The fundamental approach involves assigning a unique digital data matrix code to each product,” explained Yusupov. “This code undergoes scanning at every stage, spanning from production to sale. The entire product journey is traced through electronic document management and online cash registers, mandated by law across the country.”

    Products with the assigned digital codes are deemed legal, complying with all requisites and documentation. Attempting to illegally introduce goods into the Russian market without proper documentation and labeling is “impractical,” according to the CRPT, because of the success of the Chestny ZNAK system—the digital codes are safeguarded by cryptographic protection, which makes forgery impossible.

    The information about the products within the system is tamper-proof as well, according to the CRPT, and the system blocks the sale of expired goods or goods lacking proper documentation. Currently, 667,000 companies and individual entrepreneurs use the system, which boasts a processing capacity exceeding 350,000 operations per second (“surpassing that of Uber or Netflix,” said Yusupov) and a data volume of nearly 100 petabytes.

    The Chestny ZNAK system isn’t specifically for tobacco products, though it has been successful in curbing the illicit tobacco market. The system can be used across goods, and it has been implemented in 16 categories of goods, including dairy products, water, clothing, footwear, perfumes, tobacco, medicines, beer and low-alcohol beverages, biologically active additives, antiseptics, medical products, soft drinks and juices, wheelchairs and children’s water, according to the CRPT. When asked about how the system works across goods, Yusupov stated that “The implementation process kicks off with pilot tests for each product category. While participation is not mandatory, it is in the business’ interest as it provides an opportunity to prepare equipment and practice with free Data Matrix codes. Workgroups are formed, comprising representatives from both the business sector and the system operator. Collaboratively, they develop a labeling concept that aligns with the unique requirements of each area within the circulation of goods.”

    And the system has been quite successful, according to its manufacturer. “Before the introduction of labeling,” said Yusupov, “the illegal tobacco market in Russia consistently grew, surpassing 15.6 percent by 2019. Following the implementation of labeling, it decreased by a quarter, with 18 productions legalized and 45 illegal ones shut down. Authorities claim that the combined impact of cracking down on illegal trade resulted in RUB245 billion ($2.7 billion) in increased tax revenues.”

    By the end of 2025, it’s estimated that the overall economic impact will reach RUB1.6 trillion ($17.6 billion).

    In addition to the Chestny ZNAK system, Russia has also enacted a law to systematize control over the circulation of tobacco raw materials and equipment through the licensing institute along with the establishment of an authorized government body for supervision. This government body has instituted a system for registration of equipment. Requirements have also been introduced for tracking the volume of production and circulation of tobacco products and raw materials and for the seizure and destruction of illegal tobacco products and the associated manufacturing equipment, and customs and border authorities have been granted additional powers in regard to illicit trade. Administrative and criminal liability are enforced for a broad range of violations related to mandatory product labeling requirements, including smuggling, production, introduction into circulation and transportation of unmarked goods. There are also quantitative restrictions on the movement of individuals within the territory of the Russian Federation with unmarked tobacco and nicotine-containing products. All of these reforms in combination with the Chestny ZNAK system have led to Russia’s success in curbing illicit trade, according to the CRPT.

    Marissa Dean joined Tobacco Reporter in the summer of 2018 as a copy editor. Since that time, she has taken on additional responsibilities, including feature writing. Her skills span the publishing industry from layout and design to copy editing to content creation.
  • PTC Disputes Tax Underpayment Charge

    PTC Disputes Tax Underpayment Charge

    Image: alexlmx

    Pakistan Tobacco Co. (PTC) is disputing allegations that legitimate tobacco companies are shortchanging the country’s tax collector, reports the Associated Press of Pakistan.

    Earlier this year, an Islamabad-based think tank presented figures showing that Pakistan’s national exchequer collected PKR567 billion ($20.4 billion) less from the tobacco industry than it was entitled to.

    “It is important to note that this figure is incorrect, misleading and detached from ground realities,” PTC wrote in a press release. “The only loss incurred to the government of Pakistan by the tobacco industry is because of tax evasion of illicit manufacturers as the legitimate industry pays all applicable duties and taxes.”

    Contrary to the report’s suggestion, the legitimate tobacco industry has significantly contributed to the national exchequer, paying PKR148 billion in fiscal year 2021-2022 and PKR173 billion in 2022-2023, according to PTC.

    The company highlighted that the government recently recognized PTC as one of Pakistan’s top tax-paying entities. It emphasized importance of a level playing field for the legitimate sector, which is currently undermined by the illicit sector.

  • Ireland: Illegal Factory Shut Down

    Ireland: Illegal Factory Shut Down

    Photo: Stephen

    Irish Revenue and Customs officers, in cooperation with the national police service, shut down an illegal tobacco factory in north Dublin, seizing over €630,000 ($683,550.55) worth of cigarettes, reports the BBC.

    Customs officers confiscated 758,000 illicit Marlboro cigarettes and over 1.4 metric tons of raw tobacco.

    If sold legally, the seized products would have generated €500,000 in tax revenue for the Irish government.

    The equipment in the facility is believed capable of producing over 250,000 cigarettes an hour along with pre-processing and packaging facilities.